BVD virus in a British alpaca

Foster, Aiden P; Houlihan, M. G.; Higgins, Robert; Errington, Jane; Ibata, G.; Wakeley, Philip R.

doi:10.1136/vr.156.22.718-b

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In addition, it has been reported that many non‐bovine species are susceptible to infections with BVDV‐1, BVDV‐2 and HoBi‐like pestivirus. Antibodies to these viruses have been detected in several domestic non‐bovine species, including sheep (Evans, Lanyon, Sims, & Reichel, ), goats (Bachofen et al., ), water buffalo (Evans, Cockcroft, & Reichel, ), camelids (Foster et al., ) and pigs (Tao et al., ). Similarly, persistently BVDV infections have been reported in sheep (Evans, Reichel, Hemmatzadeh, & Cockcroft, ), goats (Loken, Bjerkas, & Larsen, ) and alpaca (Carman et al., ).…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Global knowledge gaps in the prevention and control of bovine viral diarrhoea ( BVD ) virus

Pinior

Larska

et al. 2018

Transbound Emerg Dis

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The significant economic impacts of bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) virus have prompted many countries worldwide to embark on regional or national BVD eradication programmes. Unlike other infectious diseases, BVD control is highly feasible in cattle production systems because the pathogenesis is well understood and there are effective tools to break the disease transmission cycle at the farm and industry levels. Coordinated control approaches typically involve directly testing populations for virus or serological screening of cattle herds to identify those with recent exposure to BVD, testing individual animals within affected herds to identify and eliminate persistently infected (PI) cattle, and implementing biosecurity measures such as double‐fencing shared farm boundaries, vaccinating susceptible breeding cattle, improving visitor and equipment hygiene practices, and maintaining closed herds to prevent further disease transmission. As highlighted by the recent DISCONTOOLS review conducted by a panel of internationally recognized experts, knowledge gaps in the control measures are primarily centred around the practical application of existing tools rather than the need for creation of new tools. Further research is required to: (a) determine the most cost effective and socially acceptable means of applying BVD control measures in different cattle production systems; (b) identify the most effective ways to build widespread support for implementing BVD control measures from the bottom‐up through farmer engagement and from the top‐down through national policy; and (c) to develop strategies to prevent the reintroduction of BVD into disease‐free regions by managing the risks associated with the movements of animals, personnel and equipment. Stronger collaboration between epidemiologists, economists and social scientists will be essential for progressing efforts to eradicate BVD from more countries worldwide.

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Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Global knowledge gaps in the prevention and control of bovine viral diarrhoea ( BVD ) virus

Pinior

Larska

et al. 2018

Transbound Emerg Dis

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“…Recently, PI has been reported in alpacas in North America and Europe. [25][26][27][28][29] Because the gestation period is much longer in NWC than in cattle, the period of susceptibility of the camelid fetus for induction of PI has not been accurately determined. BVDV has been isolated from a stillborn alpaca fetus; 30 however, the number of BVDV-induced abortions is still rare in NWC.…”

Section: Pestivirus Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral Diseases of New World Camelids

Kapil¹,

Yeary

Evermann

2009

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice

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The increased popularity and population of New World camelids in the United States requires the development of a broader base of knowledge of the health and disease parameters for these animals by the veterinary livestock practitioner. Although our knowledge regarding infectious diseases of camelids has increased greatly over the past decade, the practice of camelid medicine is a relatively new field in North America, so it is important to seek out seasoned colleagues and diagnostic laboratories that are involved in camelid health treatment and diagnosis.

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“…Dromedary camels were also shown to be susceptible to BVDV infections, although the role of such infection in reproductive loss and neonatal disease is not yet clear [89,90]. More recent studies reported early fetal losses, abortions, and stillbirths in BVDV-infected llamas and camels [87,[91][92][93][94][95]. Birth of persistently-infected (PI) crias has been reported [93][94][95].…”

Section: Etiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recent studies reported early fetal losses, abortions, and stillbirths in BVDV-infected llamas and camels [87,[91][92][93][94][95]. Birth of persistently-infected (PI) crias has been reported [93][94][95]. Congenital infection and birth of PI crias is being investigated by several laboratories (J. Evermann, personal communication).…”

Section: Etiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectious causes of reproductive loss in camelids

et al. 2006

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Reproductive losses in camelids are due to infertility, pregnancy loss, udder diseases and neonatal mortality caused by a variety of infectious diseases. Uterine infection and abortion represent the major complaint in camelid veterinary practice. The major infectious organisms in endometritis and metritis are E. coli and Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus. Abortion rates due to infectious diseases vary from 10% to more than 70% in some areas. Leptospirosis, toxoplasmosis and chlamydiosis have been diagnosed as the major causes of abortion in llamas and alpacas. In camels, brucellosis and trypanosomiasis represent the major causes of infectious abortion in the Middle East and Africa. Mastitis is rare in South American camelids. The prevalence of subclinical udder infection in camels can reach very high proportions in dairy camels. Udder infections are primarily due to Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus. Neonatal mortality is primarily due to diarrhea following failure of passive transfer and exposure to E. coli, rotavirus, coronavirus, Coccidia and Salmonella. This paper reviews the etio-pathogenesis of these causes of reproductive losses, as well as the major risk factors and strategies to prevent their occurrence.

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BVD virus in a British alpaca

Cited by 21 publications

References 3 publications

Global knowledge gaps in the prevention and control of bovine viral diarrhoea ( BVD ) virus

Global knowledge gaps in the prevention and control of bovine viral diarrhoea ( BVD ) virus

Viral Diseases of New World Camelids

Infectious causes of reproductive loss in camelids

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