C-reactive protein concentration in children: relationship to adiposity and other cardiovascular risk factors

Cook, Derek G; Mendall, M. A.; Whincup, Peter H.; Carey, Iain M.; Ballam, Lydia; Morris, Julia E.; Miller, George; Strachan, David P.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9150(99)00312-3

Cited by 395 publications

(328 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Platat et al 15 showed that interleukin-6 (IL-6) and insulin resistance were negatively associated with organized leisure-time physical activity independent of adiposity and fat localization in children aged 12 years. Similarly, Cook et al 12 found a borderline significant negative association of C-reactive protein levels with selfreported physical activity after adjusting for the ponderal index in children aged 10-11 years. In both studies, physical activity was assessed by means of a questionnaire, which may introduce inaccuracies and recall bias, especially in children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…42,43 The finding that low-grade inflammation is negatively associated with CVF and positively associated with body fat is consistent with those of other studies of young people. [12][13][14][15][16]20 Halle et al 14 reported that IL-6 levels were as low for obese and fit as for lean and unfit children, while the highest serum IL-6 concentrations were found in the obese and unfit group. In youths, plasma lipid profile is negatively associated with CVF in both overweight and non-overweight adolescents, 44 as well as total body fat, 10,11 abdominal adiposity, 8 features of the metabolic syndrome, 9,45 arterial compliance 46 and morphologic parameters reflecting early stage vascular changes, such as flow-mediated vasodilation and intima-media thickness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Low-grade inflammation has been associated with both physical activity (self-reported) and CVF in young people, [12][13][14][15][16] and in adults. [17][18][19][20][21] However, it has been suggested that the beneficial effect of physical activity and CVF on low-grade inflammation might be mediated by body fat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations of low-grade inflammation with physical activity, fitness and fatness in prepubertal children; the European Youth Heart Study

et al. 2007

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Objective: To examine the associations of low-grade inflammation with objectively measured physical activity, cardiovascular fitness (CVF) and fatness in prepubertal children. Design: Cross-sectional study. Subjects: One hundred and forty-two children (74 boys and 68 girls) aged 9-10 years (pubertal stage I and II) from the Swedish part of the European Youth Heart Study. Measurements: Total physical activity and its intensity levels (moderate, vigorous, moderate þ vigorous) were measured by accelerometry. CVF was measured with a maximal ergometer bike test. Body fat was derived from the sum of five skinfold thicknesses. The measured low-grade inflammatory markers include C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, complement factors C3 and C4. Results: C-reactive protein and C3 were negatively associated with CVF (b ¼ À0.254 and À0.267, respectively, Po0.05) and positively associated with body fat (b ¼ 0.439 and 0.446, respectively, Po0.001), after controlling for sex, age and pubertal development. C-reactive protein and C3 were not significantly associated with CVF once body fat was in the model. Low-grade inflammation was not associated with physical activity, but physical activity was associated with CVF. Conclusions:The results showed that low-grade inflammatory markers were negatively associated with CVF and positively associated with body fat in prepubertal children. For most of the variables, the influence of fatness was slightly higher than the influence of CVF. The findings suggest that the potential beneficial effects of physical activity on low-grade inflammation may be explained by its association with CVF. Understanding the interplay between physical activity, CVF and fatness may be of importance to reducing cardiovascular disease risk in young people.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations of low-grade inflammation with physical activity, fitness and fatness in prepubertal children; the European Youth Heart Study

et al. 2007

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“…The more convincing studies concern insulin sensitivity [4][5][6] and dyslipidaemia [6], while the beneficial effects of physical activity on BP [6] have been demonstrated mainly for overweight children and adolescents with hypertension. As previously described for adults, an elevation of inflammatory markers, in particular Creactive protein (CRP) and IL-6, has been reported in obese adolescents [7,8]. Two studies have examined the influence of physical activity on CRP in youths.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Two studies have examined the influence of physical activity on CRP in youths. While an inverse association between regular physical activity and CRP was observed in one [7], the other failed to show any effect of an 8-month physical training programme in obese adolescents [9]. The relationship of physical activity with IL-6 has never been studied in youths.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Relationships of physical activity with metabolic syndrome features and low-grade inflammation in adolescents

Platat

Wagner

Klumpp³

et al. 2006

Diabetologia

103

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Aims/hypothesis Physical activity has beneficial effects on symptoms of the metabolic syndrome and low-grade inflammation in adults. These associations have rarely been studied in adolescents. Moreover, it has not been established whether they depend on adiposity, fat localisation and adipokines. Subjects, materials and methods We used cross-sectional data of 640 12-year-old adolescents participating in the Intervention Centred on Adolescents' Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour Study (ICAPS). Weight, height, body fat mass and WHR were measured. Metabolic syndrome components, two inflammatory markers (IL-6 and Creactive protein), plasma leptin, adiponectin and soluble TNF-α receptor 1 (sTNF-α R1) were determined. Insulin resistance was estimated by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) and energy expenditure due to organised leisuretime physical activity (PAE) assessed by questionnaire. Results The metabolic syndrome was present in 5.8% of the adolescents. After adjustment for sex, sexual maturity and socio-economic status, a beneficial relationship between PAE and all metabolic syndrome features was found, but only the associations with HOMA and IL-6 were independent of body fat mass and WHR. Adjusted means from the lowest to the highest tertile of PAE were 1.99, 1.80 and 1.78 for HOMA (p=0.04), and 0.88, 0.69 and 0.70 pg/ml for IL-6 (p=0.02). PAE was inversely associated with leptin, independently of body fat mass and WHR (p<10 −2 ), but not with adiponectin or sTNF-α R1. Further adjustment for adipokines did not change the relationships of PAE with HOMA and IL-6. Conclusions/interpretation In adolescents, physical activity is inversely related to HOMA and IL-6, independently of adiposity and fat localisation. These relationships are not accounted for by adipokines.

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Inflammatory Proteins and Muscle Strength in Adolescents

Ruiz

Ortega²,

Wärnberǵ³

et al. 2008

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med

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C-reactive protein concentration in children: relationship to adiposity and other cardiovascular risk factors

Cited by 395 publications

References 21 publications

Associations of low-grade inflammation with physical activity, fitness and fatness in prepubertal children; the European Youth Heart Study

Associations of low-grade inflammation with physical activity, fitness and fatness in prepubertal children; the European Youth Heart Study

Relationships of physical activity with metabolic syndrome features and low-grade inflammation in adolescents

Inflammatory Proteins and Muscle Strength in Adolescents

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