C3 binding glycoprotein from Cuscuta europea induced different cytokine profiles from human PBMC compared to other plant and bacterial immunomodulators

Immunomodulatory effects of damnacanthal isolated from roots ofMorinda elliptica

“…Damnacanthal was found to induce higher production of human interleukin-2 and lower production of human interleukin-12 in a time-dependent manner. The production of human IL-2 by damnacanthal occurred much earlier at 24 h. Meanwhile, PWM was used as a positive control since it had been reported previously to induce IL-2 and IFN-γ production (Stanilove et al, 2005). The present results showed that the induction of human IL-2 by damnacanthal was less than by PWM throughout the treatment periods.…”

“…Their data showed that the proliferative effect of damnacanthal on PBMC was less than that of PWM after 48 h and 72 h treatments. This might be due to the ability of PWM to stimulate the proliferation of both T and B cells (Stanilove et al, 2005). Nevertheless, the proliferation effects of damnacanthal were sustained even 72 h after treatment.…”

Evaluation of Immunomodulatory Effect: Selection of the Correct Targets for Immunostimulation Study

“…Immunomodulator is the substances that are capable of interacting with the immune system to upregulate or down-regulate specific aspect of the host response (Stanilove et al, 2005;Utoh-Nedosa et al, 2009). It is also known as biologic response modifier or immunoregulator which is function as drug leading predominantly to a non-specific stimulation of immunological defense mechanisms (Tzianabos, 2000).…”

“…It is also known as biologic response modifier or immunoregulator which is function as drug leading predominantly to a non-specific stimulation of immunological defense mechanisms (Tzianabos, 2000). Immunomodulators may include some bacterial product, lymphokines and plant derived substances.…”

“…Most of the immunomodulator agents play their role in maintaining the immune system by increasing T cell immunity, decreasing or blocking the suppressor activity, stimulating the Natural Killer cells (NK cells) and interferon production as well as inducing specific cytokine production by activated target cells (Gabius, 2003;Stanilove et al, 2005;Lam et al, 2010). Nowadays, the application of imunomodulators is the practice of modern method for the correction of immunodeficiencies.…”