C60 as a radical sponge

McEwen, Charles N.; McKay, Richard G.; Larsen, Barbara S.

doi:10.1021/ja00037a064

Cited by 180 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…We (14) and others (13,20,25) found that fullerene derivatives are potent antioxidants and/or free radical scavengers. A C 60 molecule contains 30 CAC double bonds (12).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Fullerene derivatives protect against oxidative stress in RAW 264.7 cells and ischemia-reperfused lungs

Chen¹,

Hwang²,

Yen³

et al. 2004

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

111

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. Fullerene derivatives protect against oxidative stress in RAW 264.7 cells and ischemia-reperfused lungs. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 287: R21-R26, 2004; 10.1152/ajpregu.00310. 2003.-Fullerene derivatives have often been used as effective scavengers for reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study was designed to test whether polyhydroxylated fullerene derivatives [C60(OH)7Ϯ2] protect against oxidative stress in cultured RAW 264.7 cells and ischemia-reperfused (IR) lungs. In RAW 264.7 cells, sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 1 mM) and H 2O2 (400 M) caused a marked (90%) decrease in cell viability, and this decrease was dose dependently reversed by pretreatment with C 60(OH)7Ϯ2 (10-50 M). The increase in ROS production induced by SNP and H 2O2 was significantly suppressed by C 60(OH)7Ϯ2. Also, the decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential induced by SNP and H 2O2 was significantly reversed by C 60(OH)7Ϯ2. However, high concentration of C 60(OH)7Ϯ2 (1 and 1.5 mM) lead to cell death (apoptosis or necrosis). In the isolated rat lung, the increases in pulmonary artery pressure and capillary filtration pressure induced by SNP during IR were reversed significantly by C 60(OH)7Ϯ2 (10 mg/kg). These results indicate that polyhydroxylated fullerene derivatives C 60(OH)7Ϯ2 at low concentrations protect against oxidative stress in RAW 264.7 cells and IR lungs.antioxidants; nitric oxide; reactive oxygen species LUNG TRANSPLANTATION has become an accepted and effective treatment for a variety of end-stage pulmonary diseases (10). Despite optimal lung preservation techniques, the lung remains extremely vulnerable to ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury (6). IR injury occurs in the context of lung transplantation when blood supply is reintroduced to the ischemic graft at the completion of the implantation procedure (26). The alveolar oxygen represents a cofactor for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and continuous oxygen supply might thus enhance IR injury (21). IR lung injury plays a significant role in clinical situations, including lung transplantation as well as pulmonary thromboendarterectomy, reexpansion of collapsed lungs, and fibrinolysis after lung embolism (21). The pathophysiology of IR injury in the lung involves alveolarcapillary barrier leakage, neutrophil migration, interstitial and alveolar edema, tissue inflammation, and cell injury and death, alteration of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, ROS production, lipid peroxidation, and proinflammation cytokine release (tumor necrosis factor-␣, interferon-␥, and interleukin-1) (26).Recently, many studies pointed out that IR injury could be attenuated by antioxidant therapy. In 1985, a novel allotrope was reported in which 60 carbon atoms (C 60 ) were arranged as a truncated icosahedron, with 60 vertices and 32 faces, 12 of which were pentagonal and 20 hexagonal (2, 12). Fullerene is a condensed aromatic ring with extended systems (11). Because the inventors commemorated the builder of American Rice University, Buckminister Fuller, C 60 was termed B...

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“…We (14) and others (13,20,25) found that fullerene derivatives are potent antioxidants and/or free radical scavengers. A C 60 molecule contains 30 CAC double bonds (12).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…For C 60 and its derivatives, the chemical reactivity is due to its double bonds. C 60 is known to be able to react with up to 34 methyl radicals (20). The antioxidant effect of C 60 is related to the number of reactive sites and the distant location to the reactive sites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fullerene derivatives protect against oxidative stress in RAW 264.7 cells and ischemia-reperfused lungs

Chen¹,

Hwang²,

Yen³

et al. 2004

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

111

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“…In the 1990s, it was revealed that fullerenes (C 60 , C 70 , and higher), such as Radical Sponge ® , are remarkably reactive to various free radicals (McEwen et al, 1992). Over the last few decades, radicals have been found to be associated with a variety of disorders and with skin aging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological safety of water-soluble fullerenes evaluated using tests for genotoxicity, phototoxicity, and pro-oxidant activity

Aoshima¹,

Yamana²,

Nakamura

et al. 2010

J. Toxicol. Sci.

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-We evaluated the safety of water-soluble polymer-enwrapped fullerenes (PVP/fullerenes) as antioxidants in cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations by studying the genotoxicity, phototoxicity, and pro-oxidant effects of these fullerenes. These materials were not mutagenic to any of the tested bacterial strains and did not induce chromosomal aberrations in cultured mammalian cells. The PVP/fullerenes did not exhibit cytotoxicity under ultraviolet or sham irradiation in the alternative phototoxicity test. Moreover, they did not show any pro-oxidant effect in the presence of Fe 2+ or Cu 2+ . Thus, we concluded that PVP/fullerenes are safe for use in cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications. This is the first study in which toxicity tests were performed on PVP/fullerenes.

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“…1) It has been reported that C 60 shows stronger effects thantocopherol in the prevention of lipid peroxidation induced by superoxide and hydroxyl radicals. 2) Watersoluble C 60 derivatives acted as free radical-scavenging antioxidants with activity similar to phenolic antioxidants.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1) In addition, C 60 and C 70 reacted with some alkyl radicals very rapidly. The rate constants for these reactions were in a range of 10 8 -10 9 M À1 s À1 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Antioxidative Effect of Fullerenes during the Peroxidation of Methyl Linoleate in Toluene

Kadowaki

Iwamoto

Yamauchi

2012

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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C60 as a radical sponge

Cited by 180 publications

References 7 publications

Fullerene derivatives protect against oxidative stress in RAW 264.7 cells and ischemia-reperfused lungs

Fullerene derivatives protect against oxidative stress in RAW 264.7 cells and ischemia-reperfused lungs

Biological safety of water-soluble fullerenes evaluated using tests for genotoxicity, phototoxicity, and pro-oxidant activity

The Antioxidative Effect of Fullerenes during the Peroxidation of Methyl Linoleate in Toluene

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