Ca and Zn mixed oxide as a heterogeneous base catalyst for transesterification of palm kernel oil

Ngamcharussrivichai, Chawalit; Totarat, Prangsinan; Bunyakiat, Kunchana

doi:10.1016/j.apcata.2008.02.020

Cited by 259 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

132

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Ngamcharussrivichai et al [70] MgZnO. The reusability of the MgZnAlO solid catalyst, which represents its capacity to perform the same catalytic activity, was evaluated by conducting several experimental runs after the first batch at the optimum conditions obtained for the FAME yield.…”

Section: Cao and Mgo Mixed With Other Metal Oxidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Deactivation Processes, Regeneration Conditions and Reusability Performance of CaO or MgO Based Catalysts Used for Biodiesel Production—A Review

Oueda¹,

Bonzi-Coulibaly²,

Ouédraogo³

2017

MSA

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The activity of a catalyst in transestrification reaction usually declines with repeated uses and this limits the possibility to use it many times. This paper presents a review of various techniques used to evaluate the activity changes, the recycling processes for calcium and magnesium oxides based heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production. The activity of calcium and magnesium oxides based catalysts declines due to leaching, surface or active sites poisoning by reactant or product molecules and modification of physical aspects. Physico-chemical methods (AAS, BET, CO 2 -TPD, EDS, FTIR, ICP-AES, SEM, TG/DTA and XRD) were used to check the catalyst modification and to confirm the deactivation. When separated from the reaction mixture by filtration, the catalyst could be reused without any treatment or recycled by washing, drying or/and recalcination. Between various recycling processes for calcium and magnesium oxides based catalysts, mixed oxides showed less leaching and performed FAME or FAEE yield >90% with reusability.

show abstract

Section: Cao and Mgo Mixed With Other Metal Oxidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All these washing solvents generated pollution. Only in the case of CaO•ZnO catalyst prepared by Ngamcharussrivichai et al [70], ammonium hydroxide is used to wash the catalyst. Sometimes two steps were used to take profit and increase the number of runs of the catalyst [57].…”

Section: Challenges On Catalyst Reusability In Biodiesel Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deactivation Processes, Regeneration Conditions and Reusability Performance of CaO or MgO Based Catalysts Used for Biodiesel Production—A Review

Oueda¹,

Bonzi-Coulibaly²,

Ouédraogo³

2017

MSA

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Trabalhos posteriores, à base de combinações do Cao como Cao.mgo; 144 Cao.Ceo 2 ; 145 Cao.Zno; 45 Cao suportado em sílica mesoporosa, 146 não mencionam sequer a possibilidade de perda de atividade catalítica por lixivição ou em função de uma possível reação com ácidos graxos livres que possam estar presentes. É possível que as características desses catalisadores sejam diferentes em função da mudança estrutural ao combinar Cao com óxidos de outros metais, podendo resultar em catalisadores totalmente heterogêneos.…”

Section: Catálise Heterogênea áCida E Alcalinaunclassified

“…[148][149][150] o uso da zeolita ETS-10 102 como catalisador heterogêneo tem permitido 90% de transformação do óleo de soja quando a reação é realizada a 100 o C, enquanto o uso de potássio suportado em alumina, transesterifica esse mesmo óleo em 87%, após 7 h de refluxo e usando uma razão molar metanol: óleo de 15:1. 85 Acreditamos haver aqui mais uma necessidade e, portanto, oportunidade de pesquisa, já que muitos desses catalisadores que perdem atividade ou massa devido à solubilidade (lixiviação) no meio reacional e que por isso precisam ser recuperados por "reativação" 45,109 podem estar atuando através de mecanismos reacionais homogêneos ao invés de heterogêneos, ou através dos dois mecanismos simultaneamente. isso pode ocorrer com catalisadores recentemente descritos como zircônia sulfatada 109,112,[124][125][126][127][128] ou ainda com o Ba(oH) 2 que é um dos catalisadores "heterogêneos" de maior atividade entre aqueles descritos até o presente, 137 apesar do seu uso não ser recomendável devido à toxicidade desse composto de bário.…”

Section: Catálise Heterogênea áCida E Alcalinaunclassified

Biodiesel: visão crítica do status atual e perspectivas na academia e na indústria

Dabdoub¹,

Bronzel²,

Rampin³

2009

Quím. Nova

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recebido em 27/2/09; aceito em 31/3/09; publicado na web em 7/4/09 BioDiESEL: A CRiTiCAL oVERViEW oN THE CURRENT STATUS AND PERSPECTiVES AT THE ACADEmY AND iNDUSTRY. This article presents a bibliographic review of research carried out on different alternative processes for biodiesel production. The supercritical and subcritical (non catalytic) reaction conditions, the use of solid basic, solid acid and other heterogeneous catalysts, including the use of immobilized enzymes and whole-cell catalysts are also critically compared with the traditional homogeneous alkaline or acid catalysts that are common on industrial applications. Advantages and limitations of all these processes for the transference from the laboratory to the industry are discussed. A correlation of the chemical composition with the quality parameters of the produced biodiesel is done with aim to stablish adequate procedures for the right selection of the rawmaterial. Castor bean oil is used as an example of inappropriate oil in order to produce a B100 that fulfill all the international physicochemical quality standards. in this article are presented research results to adequate the values of viscosity, density and iodine number of the castor and soybean biodiesel to the international standard limits by means blending these both biodiesels at the right ratio.Keywords: transesterification; biodiesel; catalysts. introduÇãoAumento da demanda mundial por combustíveis líquidos, aquecimento global, segurança energética, vontade política por desenvolvimento nos campos agrícola, social e também energético são pontos que abrem novas áreas de interesse e oportunidades para pesquisas e desenvolvimento na Academia e na indústria, pois são as forças motoras responsáveis pelo renovado interesse na produção de biocombustíveis.Um dos grandes destaques da atualidade na área de biocombustí-veis é o interesse pelo uso de recursos naturais baseados em materiais lignocelulósicos 1-3 para a produção de etanol ou por fontes produtoras de lipídeos usados para a produção de biodiesel.Biodiesel é o nome dado a ésteres alquílicos de ácidos graxos desde que atendam certos parâmetros de qualidade. 4-8 Além de esses ésteres serem derivados de fontes biológicas como plantas e animais, atuam como combustível substituto ao diesel de petróleo, com desempenho muito próximo, não exigindo modificações nos motores. Tradicionalmente o biodiesel é produzido através das reações de transesterificação de triglicerídeos, usando geralmente catalisadores alcalinos, 9 ou da esterificação de ácidos graxos livres, sendo que neste último caso, os ácidos graxos livres (AGLs) são submetidos à reação direta com um álcool de 4 carbonos ou menos, na presença de catalisadores ácidos. 10-12 mais recentemente o uso de diversos catalisadores heterogêneos tem sido descrito na literatura. 13 Transesterificação é o processo de transformação de um éster carboxílico em outro, através da troca do grupo Ro -presente no éster original, por outro grupo semelhante proveniente de um álcool na presença de um catalisa...

show abstract

“…Many studies have been reported on this reaction employing various homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts with different types of oils viz., palm, sunflower, rapeseed, soyabean oils. Heterogeneous catalysts like zeolites, metal oxides, heteropolyacids, hydrotalcites are preferred to the homogeneous catalysts like KOH or NaOH due to their reusability, eco-friendly nature and easy separation of products [5][6][7][8]. On the other hand, the homogeneous catalysis route though relatively rapid and result in higher yields, is not recommended due to commercial reasons as it demands high quality crude oils and an expensive and toxic downstream processing due to undesired side reactions like saponification and hydrolysis occurring.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process standardization and kinetics of ethanol driven biodiesel production by transesterification of ricebran oil

Sreedhar

Kishan

2016

Int J Ind Chem

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this study, trans-esterification of rice bran oil employing a heterogeneous catalyst like CaO has been conducted in a batch reactor with ethanol. The optimal set of various critical reaction parameters are found to be temperature of 70°C, reactant molar ratio 9:1, agitation speed of 600 rpm, catalyst mount of 3 wt % to maximize the biodiesel yield. For the heterogeneous system possibly influenced by reaction and pore diffusion, the controlling regime has been found based on the experimental data and well established theoretical estimations. The kinetic model along with the relevant parameters viz., reaction order, rate constants and Arrhenius parameters have been estimated.

show abstract

Ca and Zn mixed oxide as a heterogeneous base catalyst for transesterification of palm kernel oil

Cited by 259 publications

References 29 publications

Deactivation Processes, Regeneration Conditions and Reusability Performance of CaO or MgO Based Catalysts Used for Biodiesel Production—A Review

Deactivation Processes, Regeneration Conditions and Reusability Performance of CaO or MgO Based Catalysts Used for Biodiesel Production—A Review

Biodiesel: visão crítica do status atual e perspectivas na academia e na indústria

Process standardization and kinetics of ethanol driven biodiesel production by transesterification of ricebran oil

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About