CABG: When, why, and how?

Abstract

Coronary revascularization has matured as a fi eld since coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) was fi rst developed over 50 years ago, with diagnostic and treatment methods having advanced dramatically. CABG remains the standard of care for obstructive coronary artery disease, particularly for patients with multivessel disease or diabetes. It is now recognized that not all CABG is created equal-operative strategy, including conduit choice for bypass grafts and target coronary selection, affects survival. A multidisciplinary approach including surgeons with a special interest in CABG is recommended to optimize treatment selection and outcomes. KEY POINTSThe main criteria guiding the selection of revascularization therapy are disease stability, procedural risk, patient comorbidities, atherosclerotic burden, and lesion complexity.In general, CABG is preferred over percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with a heavy atherosclerotic burden and diabetes, and those without multiple signifi cant baseline comorbidities, frailty, or short life expectancy. CABG with arterial grafts can improve patient longevity, particularly with appropriate patient and coronary artery target selection.Multiple arterial grafts should be considered over single thoracic artery and multiple vein conduits.Less-invasive strategies are emerging.Guideline-directed medical therapy in coronary artery disease is essential for improved outcomes in primary and secondary prevention.

The Evaluation of YouTubeTM English Videos’ Quality about Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

“…Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has a pivotal role in the management of acute coronary syndrome and stable ischemic heart diseases. [ 1 ] According to statistical data, almost 800,000 people undergo CABG surgery every year. In addition, the number of patients who require CABG is increasing every year due to the increase in the average age and the increase in diseases such as hypertension and diabetes.…”

Evaluation of Kinesiophobia and Fatigue Levels of Patients Who Have Undergone Open Heart Surgery

“…The scale consists of a total of 27 items. The behavioral subscale, which has four subjective dimensions of fatigue, consists of six items [2][3][4][5][6][7]; the affectivity subscale consists of five items [8][9][10][11][12]; the sensory subscale consists of five items [13][14][15][16][17]; and the cognitive subscale consists of six items [18][19][20][21][22][23]. Total and subscale fatigue scores are calculated with 22 specified items and five other items [1 and 24-27] are not included in the calculation.…”

“…The treatment of cardiovascular diseases entails lifestyle changes, pharmacological methods, angioplasty and stent applications, and surgical procedures. Surgical procedures include minimally invasive techniques with fewer incisions to reach the heart and traditional methods such as open heart surgery (3). Open heart surgeries are preferred in the treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD), valve diseases, and congenital heart diseases and in heart transplantation.…”

Perceived stress level of the postoperative coronary artery bypass graft patients in the intensive care unit

“…[1] Annually in the United States (US), about 18 million Americans are diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD), in fact, it is estimated that about one-third of all deaths is due to CAD. [2,3] Although CABG surgery contributes to an overall improvement in the quality of life for many individuals, the surgery itself can be a significant stressor. [4,5] Although CABG is a vital surgical treatment, it is considered by many CABG patients as life threatening and stressful which can invoke fear and anxiety in many patients and their families.…”