Cabin Conditioning for Electric Vehicles

Drage, Peter; Hinteregger, Markus; Zotter, Gerald; Šimek, Marijan

doi:10.1007/s38311-018-0209-2

Cited by 8 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…The considered R290 refrigerant (propane)-centred HVAC system is based on the concept presented in [18]. The system consists of three specific thermal energy exchange cycles (see the illustration in Figure 1): the vapour-compression cycle (VCC, denoted by green lines), three secondary coolant cycles (red/blue/orange lines) and two air cycles (denoted by coloured arrows).…”

Section: Hvac System Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is expected that heat pump-based HVAC systems will gain acceptance due to their superior efficiency. Additionally, novel HVAC systems may utilise new types of refrigerant, e.g., propane (R290) (see [18] for details and a broader discussion of refrigerant selection), and they can be supplemented by infrared panels [19] to achieve better efficiency and thermal comfort at the expense of increased complexity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this paper the genetic algorithm-based optimisation method from [24] is extended and applied to obtain optimal control input allocation maps of an advanced BEV HVAC system from [18], with the aim of maximising the HVAC efficiency in the heat pump operating mode. The optimal allocation maps are used within a hierarchical cabin temperature control system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimisation of Control Input Allocation Maps for Electric Vehicle Heat Pump-based Cabin Heating Systems

2020

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The heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system negatively affects the electric vehicle (EV) driving range, especially under cold ambient conditions. Modern HVAC systems based on the vapour-compression cycle can be rearranged to operate in the heat pump mode to improve the overall system efficiency compared to conventional electrical/resistive heaters. Since such an HVAC system is typically equipped with multiple actuators (compressor, pumps, fans, valves), with the majority of them being controlled in open loop, an optimisation-based control input allocation is necessary to achieve the highest efficiency. This paper presents a genetic algorithm optimisation-based HVAC control input allocation method, which utilises a multi-physical HVAC system model implemented in Dymola/Modelica. The considered control inputs include the cabin inlet air temperature reference, blower and radiator fan air mass flows and secondary coolant loop pumps’ speeds. The optimal allocation is subject to specified, target cabin air temperatures and heating power. Additional constraints include actuator hardware limits and safety functions, such as maintaining the superheat temperature at its reference level. The optimisation objective is to maximise the system efficiency defined by the coefficient of performance (COP). The optimised allocation maps are fitted by proper mathematical functions to facilitate the control strategy implementation and calibration. The overall control strategy consists of superimposed cabin air temperature controller that commands heating power, control input allocation functions, and low-level controllers that ensure cabin inlet air and superheat temperature regulation. The control system performance is verified through Dymola simulations for the heat pump mode in a heat-up scenario. Control input allocation map optimisation results are presented for air-conditioning (A/C) mode, as well.

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Section: Hvac System Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimisation of Control Input Allocation Maps for Electric Vehicle Heat Pump-based Cabin Heating Systems

2020

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“…The demonstrator vehicle features a reversible refrigeration system used as a heat pump for heating in the winter and for cooling in the summer in the passenger cabin, still maintaining high energy efficiency to preserve the driving range [25]. A heat pump is an efficient way to utilise the available waste heat by different thermal sources and extract energy from the ambient environment, heating from a lower temperature level to a usable cabin-heating temperature level [26].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Energy Consumption and Driving Range of the QUIET Project Demonstrator Vehicle

et al. 2022

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This article summarises the experimental testing campaign performed at the Joint Research Centre (JRC) on the demonstrator battery electric vehicle (BEV) of the European Union Horizon 2020 research project QUIET. The project, launched in October 2017, aimed at developing an improved and energy-efficient electric vehicle with increased driving range under real-world driving conditions, focusing on three areas: improved energy management, lightweight materials with enhanced thermal insulation properties, and improved safety and comfort. A heating, venting, and air conditioning (HVAC) system based on the refrigerant R290 (propane), a phase change material (PCM) thermal storage system, infrared heating panels in the near field of the passengers, lightweight materials for seat internal structures, and composite vehicle doors with a novel atomically precise manufacturing (APM) aluminium foam are all the breakthrough technologies installed on the QUIET demonstrator vehicle. All these innovative technologies allow the energetic request for cooling and heating the cabin of the demonstrator vehicle under different driving conditions and the weight of the vehicle components (e.g., doors, windshields, seats, heating, and air conditioning) to be reduced by about 28%, leading to an approximately 26% driving range increase under both hot (40 °C) and cold (−10 °C) weather conditions.

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“…g A sound understanding of thermodynamics is the basis for the successful development of vehicles with an efficient and consistent interaction of all systems and components. An innovative thermal management strategy for a Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) balances the energy demand and extends the lifetime of the car components -particularly of the battery -at optimal levels of efficiency [1,2]. At the same time, the best possible comfort for the occupants is ensured.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%