CAD/CAM systems available for the fabrication of crown and bridge restorations

Abstract

Dental biomaterials are widely used in all areas of routine dental practice. There are mainly two methods for their application. Firstly, dental biomaterials are placed into living tissues, such as teeth, to fill the space. Secondly, dental devices such as crown and bridge restorations and dentures are fabricated using various materials to restore the morphology and function of the dentition. Crown and bridge restorations are one of the main treatment methods used by general practitioners to achieve lifelike restoration of form and function. The recent introduction of osseointegrated implants has expanded the application of crown and bridge restorations for partially edentulous patients. Mechanical durability and precision fit are mandatory requirements for crowns and bridges. The development of various casting alloys and precise casting systems has contributed to the successful use of metal-based restorations. However, patient requests for more aesthetic and biologically 'safe' materials has led to an increased demand for metal-free restorations. There is also a growing demand to provide all-ceramic restorations more routinely. New materials such as highly sintered glass, polycrystalline alumina, zirconia based materials and adhesive monomers, will assist dentists to meet this demand. In addition, new fabrication systems combined with computer-assisted fabrication systems (dental CAD/CAM) and various networks are now available. Dental technology was centred on lost-wax casting technology but we now face a revolution in crown and bridge fabrication. This article reviews the history and recent status of dental CAD/CAM, the application of CAD/CAM fabricated tooth-coloured glass ceramic crowns, and the application of all-ceramic crowns and bridges using CAD/CAM fabricated zirconia based frameworks.

A multi technique study of a new lithium disilicate glass-ceramic spray-coated on ZrO2 substrate for dental restoration

“…Yttrium-stabilized tetragonal zirconium dioxide has a Vickers hardness of more than 1250 MPa [13,17,18,26,27]. The hardness of natural tooth enamel is lower, closer to 275-550 MPa [10,26,27], and thus, comparable to the hardness of glasses and glass-ceramics [28]. Abrasion depends foremost on the smoothness and only secondarily on the difference in hardness, therefore, the observed difference in hardness between TZ3Y and natural teeth is only a minor factor.…”

“…The thermal expansion coefficient of the veneer ceramic should be similar to that of the substrate, with ZrO 2 having CTE=10.5 × 10 −6 /K [10,34]. The CTE of glass-ceramics depends on both the CTE of the crystalline as well as the CTE of the vitreous phase and can therefore be adjusted over a significant range e.g.…”

“…Modern dental restoration started to take off with the development of high performance ceramics at the end of the 1990s and intensified substantially with the development of CAD/CAM -techniques [3,[7][8][9][10]. Today, different routes for processing are employed by the industry for all ceramic dental restoration [1,3,[11][12][13][14].…”

Effect of air-particle pressures on the surface topography and bond strengths of resin cement to the hybrid ceramics

“…During the last decade there have been remarkable developments in the application of Computer-aided design-computer-aided milling (CAD-CAM) techniques to restorative dentistry 1) . Various design software and tools have evolved, and the development of CAD-CAM equipment for use in the dental laboratory or dental clinic has led to high restoration accuracies, reductions in the fabrication cost per unit, and shortening of the time required to fabricate the restoration.…”

Kompozi̇t İnley, İndi̇rekt Porselen İnley Ve Cad/Cam İnley Si̇stemi̇ İle Restore Edi̇len Di̇şleri̇n Kenar Sizintilarinin İncelenmesi̇: i̇n Vi̇tro Çalişma

“…24 Bu amaçla CAD-CAM teknolojisi, bilgisayar kontrolünde çalışan, üretilecek malzemenin bilgisayar ekranında üç boyutlu tasarımı anlamına gelen ve daha çok makine teknolojisi olup, son 30 yılda diş hekimliğinde büyük gelişim göstermiştir. [25][26][27] Ağız dışın-da bir inley restorasyonun aynı seansta hazırlanıp hastaya teslim edilmesi düşüncesi, bilgisayar ile tasarım ve üretim teknolojisinin (CAD-CAM) temelini oluş-turmuştur.…”