Cadmium and tubular dysfunction marker levels in urine of residents in non-polluted areas with natural abundance of cadmium in Japan

Moriguchi, Jiro; Inoue, Yoshiro; Kamiyama, Shin; Sakuragi, Sonoko; Horiguchi, Masaru; Murata, Katsuyuki; Fukui, Yoshinari; Ohashi, Fumiko; Ikeda, Masayuki

doi:10.1007/s00420-009-0483-9

Cited by 13 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…There was no correlation between any of the biomarkers and UCd. Moriguchi et al described increased urinary excretion of NAG, retinol binding protein (RBP), α1-microglobulin and β2-microglobulin, as earliest effects of Cd induced renal damage [29]. However, our study did not find any correlation between KIM-1 and β2-microglobulin and urinary Cd levels.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 94%

“…In our study, there was no significant difference between the mean UAs concentrations between the three groups, but the levels were higher than the US population data indicating possible exposure. Both seafood and rice can contribute to elevated UAs levels [27][28][29][30]. In the present study, we did not gather information about the sea fish intake of the participants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Rice cultivators can accumulate both inorganic and organic forms of arsenic. The proportion of inorganic arsenic in rice grain differs according to the variety [29,30]. Urinary Pb levels were significantly higher in farmer controls than CKDu patients and non-farmer controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Novel urinary biomarkers and their association with urinary heavy metals in chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology in Sri Lanka: a pilot study

et al. 2017

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Introduction Chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) has emerged as a significant public health problem in Sri Lanka. The role of environmental exposure to cadmium and arsenic in the aetiology of CKDu is still unclear. Identification of a panel of novel urinary biomarkers would be invaluable in the study of toxin mediated damage postulated to be the aetiology of CKDu.Objectives The aims of this study were to evaluate the profile of novel urinary biomarkers in CKDu patients and identify any association with environmental exposure to heavy metals.Methods Thirty seven randomly selected CKDu patients attending a renal clinic in the North Central Province and two control groups namely a farmer group (n=39) and a non-farmer group (n=40) from a non-endemic area were included in this comparative cross sectional study. Urine samples were analyzed for heavy metals and five urinary biomarkers.Results CKDu patients had significantly elevated urinary levels of fibrinogen (198.2 ng/mg creatinine p<0.001), clusterin (3479 ng/mg creatinine p<0.001), cystatin-C (5124.8 ng/mg creatinine p<0.001) and β2-microglobulin (9913.4 ng/mg creatinine p<0.001) compared to the control groups. Fibrinogen and β2-microglobulin were the best to discriminate CKDu patients from normal individuals with the receiver operator areas under the curve being 0.867 and 0.853, respectively. Urinary fibrinogen and KIM-1 levels correlated positively with urinary arsenic levels. KIM-1 levels correlated positively with urinary mercury and lead levels but no correlation was seen with urinary cadmium levels.Conclusions Fibrinogen and β2-microglobulin have the potential of being a screening tool for detection of CKDu and may aid the early diagnosis of toxin mediated tubular injury in CKDu. Their usefulness need to be further validated in a larger epidemiological study of patients with early stages of CKDu. IntroductionChronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology (CKDu), which emerged at the beginning of this century, has reached epidemic proportions in the North Central Dry Zone of Sri Lanka [1,2]. The disease burden is most prominent in the North Central Province and has extended to two adjacent provinces, namely, Uva and North Western provinces. The disease is not due to conventional risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, chronic glomerulonephritis. The diagnosis of CKDu is based on exclusion of known aetiological factors of chronic kidney disease and presence of tubulo-interstitial pathology on renal biopsy [3,4].The population in the North Central Province is around 2.5 million according to the last census conducted in 2012 and farming is the main livelihood of the majority. CKDu mainly affects farming communities with poor socioeconomic background [5]. The estimated prevalence of CKDu in a community based study was reported as 16.9% in women and 12.9% in men, but the severe stages were seen more frequently in men, leading to a higher mortality and morbidity in men [5,6].Based on CKDu's clinical profile and risk factors, it was postulate...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

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Novel urinary biomarkers and their association with urinary heavy metals in chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology in Sri Lanka: a pilot study

et al. 2017

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“…No. 15 was surveyed in the former survey, and the data were evaluated also in combination with the 6 prefectures because of its sea-coast location (Revised from Ezaki et al 13) ; Yamagami et al 40) , Moriguchi et al 41) and Ikeda et al 42) ). subjected to regression analysis to examine if Cd-D could be estimated from Cd-B or Cd-U cr .…”

Section: Estimation Of Cd-d From Cd-b or Cd-umentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following the information, a supplemental survey was initiated in 2004-2009 in the 6 prefectures (for locations, see prefectures with solid circles in Fig. 1 [B]) involving 50-1000 women/prefecture who offered spot urine samples (some offered blood samples in addition) [40][41][42] .…”

Section: Supplemental Survey In Six Prefectures In Japanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cadmium Exposure in General Populations in Japan: a Review

et al. 2015

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Cadmium (Cd) intake via diet (Cd-D) has been a long-standing focus of administrative as well as public concern in Japan after the endemic of Itai-itai disease (chronic cadmium poisoning). The aim of this report was to review cadmium exposure in Japan by introducing publications from our study group and related articles. Literature survey disclosed that Cd-D was high (up to 100 µg/day) in 1960s even in non-polluted areas. Such high Cd-D levels were followed by gradual decreases in 1970s-1980s to current level of well below 20 µg/day. Once, a very high Cd-D (600 µg/day) was reported for a Cd-polluted area. Replacement of Cd-polluted rice paddy soil with clean soil resulted in substantial reduction in riceassociated Cd-D. In large-scale surveys in 10 prefectures all over Japan conducted early in 2000s, the geometric mean (GM) of Cd-U cr (Cd in urine as corrected for creatinine concentration) was 1.26 µg/g cr, but was higher in one north-west sea coast prefecture in Honshu Island (>3 µg/g cr). Supplemental survey in 6 neighboring prefectures on the sea coast disclosed that Cd-U cr in some prefectures were higher as compared with the national average. It was reported that Cd in brown rice was also high. However no clear-cut indication was detected to suggest renal tubular dysfunctions. Surveys in major cities in East and South-East Asia in 1980s-1990s made it clear that Cd-D was substantially lower there than in Japanese cities; Cd exposure of general populations was almost exclusively from foods. Statistical analysis revealed that tubular dysfunction markers increased sharply when Cd-U cr exceeded 10-12 µg/g cr. The Cd-U cr level of 11 µg/g cr corresponded to Cd-D level of 59 µg/day. This level was in agreement with the tolerable weekly intake of 7 µg/kg body weight/week, the value recommended by the Food Safety Commission of Japan.

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Closer correlation of cadmium in urine than that of cadmium in blood with tubular dysfunction markers in urine among general women populations in Japan

Ikeda

Ohashi

Fukui

et al. 2010

Int Arch Occup Environ Health

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Cadmium and tubular dysfunction marker levels in urine of residents in non-polluted areas with natural abundance of cadmium in Japan

Cited by 13 publications

References 48 publications

Novel urinary biomarkers and their association with urinary heavy metals in chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology in Sri Lanka: a pilot study

Novel urinary biomarkers and their association with urinary heavy metals in chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology in Sri Lanka: a pilot study

Cadmium Exposure in General Populations in Japan: a Review

Closer correlation of cadmium in urine than that of cadmium in blood with tubular dysfunction markers in urine among general women populations in Japan

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