Cadmium, chromium and copper in greengram plants

Abstract

Soils contaminated with heavy metals including cadmium, chromium and copper present a major concern for sustainable agriculture. We studied the effects of cadmium, chromium and copper used both separately and as mixtures, on plant growth, nodulation, leghaemoglobin, seed yield and grain protein in seeds, in greengram inoculated with Bradyrhizobium sp. (Vigna). Cadmium at 24 mg kg −1 of soil reduced the dry matter accumulation and number of nodules by 27 and 38%, respectively. Chromium at 136 mg kg −1 of soil increased the dry phytomass and nodule numbers by 133 and 100%, respectively. The average maximum increase of 74% in seed yield occurred at 136 mg Cr kg −1 of soil. Cadmium and copper at 24 and 1338 mg kg −1 soil decreased the seed yield by 40 and 26%, respectively. Chromium at 136 kg −1 of soil increased the root and shoot N and leghaemoglobin content by 42, 31% and 50%, respectively. In contrast, the root and shoot N decreased by 22% at 24 mg Cd kg −1 of soil, while a maximum decrease of 50% in leghaemoglobin content occurred at 12 and 669 and 24 and 1338 mg Cd with Cu kg −1 of soil, relative to the control. The average maximum grain protein (283 mg g −1 ) was observed at 136 mg Cr kg −1 of soil, while minimum grain protein (231 mg g −1 ) was recorded at 24 and 1338 mg kg −1 of cadmium with copper. The metal accumulation in roots and shoots at 50 days after sowing and in grains 80 days after seeding differed among treatments. The degree of toxicity of heavy metals to the measured parameters decreased in the order Cd > Cu > Cr.heavy metals / Bradyrhizobium / greengram / phyto-accumulation

Short communication. Growth and nodulation of cowpea after 5 years of consecutive composted tannery sludge amendment

“…They evaluated the effect of soil Cr concentration (34, 68, and 136 mg kg -1 ) on the growth and nodulation of Vigna radiata and Cicer arietinum, respectively, and the plant growth and nodulation increased in soil with Cr as compared with the control. However, in our study the highest Cr content (28.18 mg kg -1 ) found in soil was lower to the lowest concentrations used by Wani et al (2007) and Wani & Khan (2010) and it was not sufficient to cause damage on plant nodulation. On the other hand, consecutive applications of composted tannery sludge will increase Cr content in soil and, consequently, may affect plant nodulation and N accumulation.…”

“…Wani et al (2007) and Wani & Khan (2010) reported that Cr toxicity affected the nodulation due to the decreasing of the water and nutrients uptake, and cellular injuries to the roots. They evaluated the effect of soil Cr concentration (34, 68, and 136 mg kg -1 ) on the growth and nodulation of Vigna radiata and Cicer arietinum, respectively, and the plant growth and nodulation increased in soil with Cr as compared with the control.…”

Effects of Heavy Metal Toxicity on Growth, Symbiosis, Seed yield and Metal Uptake in Pea Grown in Metal Amended Soil

“…Generally, plants grown in soils amended with Cu had fewer nodules compared to other treatments. The reduction in the number of nodules is possibly due to the direct toxic effect of Cu either on the root hairs or rhizobia, as reported in greengram plants (Wani et al 2007b). While comparing the sum of mean values of the effects of each metal, the order of toxicity on the symbiotic trait decreased in the following order: Cu \ Cr \ Cd.…”

Remediation of heavy metal contaminated ecosystem: an overview on technology advancement

“…In mine tailings areas contaminated with heavy metal to increase growth of plant the PGPR are introduced to seeds of Atriplex lentiformis and Buchloe dactyloides at sowing stage (Grandlic et al 2009). With improvement the growth and yield of the Cicer arietinum, Vigna radiata and Pisum sativum, metal toxicity is also decreased with the help of PGPR (Gupta et al 2004;Wani et al 2007Wani et al , 2008. With the help of PGPR the increase in the growth and reduction in the metal toxicity is due to enhancement in soil nutrient so it is one of the most suitable choices for bioremediation (Zaidi et al 2003;Khan et al 2009).…”