“…Images of the distribution of Cd in plants can also be obtained by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) or transmission electron microscopy (TEM) along with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS, Solís-Domínguez et al, 2007;Hu et al, 2009) or energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) microanalysis (Rauser and Ackerley, 1987;Wójcik et al, 2005;Van Belleghem et al, 2007;Vazquez et al, 2007;Cocozza et al, 2008). Other imaging techniques include secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS, Migeon et al, 2011), micro-particle-induced X-ray emission (µ-PIXE, Ager et al, 2002;Vogel-Mikuš et al, 2008), and micro-autoradiography . While the techniques listed above are able to detect Cd-specific signals in particular regions within a tissue, the low concentrations of Cd in the cells and the proximity of the emission spectra from Ca or K in the sample can make analysis difficult.…”