Cadmium Sulfide Solar Cells

Stanley, A. G.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-002905-1.50010-4

Cited by 75 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 203 publications

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“…Many studies have focused on CdS because of its high photosensitivity and potential application in photoconducting cells and a variety of optoelectronic conversion devices including photodetectors and thin film solar cells [4]. A large number of synthetic methods such as solvothermal, hydrothermal [5,6] and sonochemical process [7], microwave heating [8] and solution-based chemical methods [9] provide effective routes to prepare semiconductor nanoparticles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-pot sonochemical synthesis of CdS nanoparticles: photocatalytic and electrical properties

et al. 2015

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CdS nanoparticles (NPs) are synthesized by sonochemical method using tryptophan as a capping agent. The synthesis process is of one step, using biocompatible capping agent, which is nontoxic. The synthesized NPs are characterized by UV-Vis absorption, fluorescence, FTIR, XRD, TGA, DLS, SEM and TEM. The size of NPs is below 10 nm, as observed from XRD and TEM characterizations. Photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) dye by the CdS NPs as photocatalysts under sunlight irradiation has been studied. The kinetics of catalysis of synthesized CdS NPs with MO dye follows pseudo-firstorder kinetics with reasonable apparent rate constants. A variation of dielectric constant as a function of frequencies of an alternating electric field has been observed with the prepared tryptophan-capped CdS NPs deposited at different concentrations. The electric conductivity of CdS NPs is found to increases with the concentration of tryptophan.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-pot sonochemical synthesis of CdS nanoparticles: photocatalytic and electrical properties

et al. 2015

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“…Among the first applications of chemically deposited semiconductor thin films, we find PbS and PbSe photodetectors [7]. Even though chemically deposited CdS films were developed during 1960s, the photodetector applications of CdS were confined to screen-printed and sintered layers [8]. However, chemically deposited CdSe thin films were found appropriate for photodetector applications [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

98/03942 Semiconductor thin films by chemical bath deposition for solar energy related applications

1998

Fuel and Energy Abstracts

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In this paper we present the basic concepts underlying the chemical bath deposition technique and the recipes developed in our laboratory during the past ten years for the deposition of good-quality thin films of CdS, CdSe, ZnS, ZnSe, PbS, SnS, Bi S , Bi Se , Sb S , CuS, CuSe, etc. Typical growth curves, and optical and electrical properties of these films are presented. The effect of annealing the films in air on their structure and composition and on the electrical properties is notable: CdS and ZnS films become conductive through a partial conversion to oxide phase; CdSe becomes photosensitive, SnS converts to SnO , etc. The use of precipitates formed during deposition for screen printing and sintering, in polymer composites and as a source for vapor-phase deposition is presented. Some examples of the application of the films in solar energy related work are presented.1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

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“…This is caused by spurious short wave radio frequencies only partly suppressed with signal averaging (note that 113 Cd has a frequency of 88.8 MHz at 9.4 T). The 111 Cd nuclei was observed, in a similar spin-echo experiment as described above, to confirm that this interstitial area between the peaks did not contain further information. Figure 5.3 113 Cd spectra acquired using a 1024 scans spin-echo experiment with a recycle time of 150s.…”

Section: Figure 52 Xrd Spectra Of Thin Film Cds Deposited At Variousmentioning

confidence: 49%

“…CdS shows strong peaks around 26, 31, 28 degrees, which correlate to the cubic structures in the (111), (220), and (200) planes. PbS shows strong cubic orientation in the (111), and (200) planes. The two strong orientations overlap.…”

Section: Cds/pbs Structural Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mid-IR Range Photosensitive Device Based on Chemically Deposited Nanocrystalline Chalcogenide Thin Films with Tunable Opto-electrical properties

Slonopas

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Past several decades have driven modernization of technology and machinery. This modernization has pushed the limits of our technology and increased our dependence on the energy. Additional side-effect of this rapid growth has been an exponential increase in the generated heat of the modern machinery.In most cases this waste heat is simply released into the environment. Numerous research groups have pursued an idea of capturing and converting the waste heat. Thermoelectric, pyroelectrics, organic Rankine cycle (ORC), and several other methods have been proposed to capture and convert the waste heat into electricity. Presently, all methods, however, have low conversion efficiency and are not economically feasible.In this work we focused on a practical approach to convert mid-IR electromagnetic waves to electricity. It is based on inexpensive thin film technology utilizing a junction between a narrow bandgap lead salt and wide bandgap chalcogenide film.Lead sulfide (PbS) was chosen as the narrow band semiconductors for the IR energy conversion.Lead salt photodetectors uniquely demonstrate high room temperature sensitivity to black-body sources in low temperatures and high internal quantum efficiency (QE). Further, the peculiar band structure of the lead salt allows for small Auger recombination and minimized losses.Due to its favorable opto-electrical properties and band compatibility with PbS, cadmium sulfide (CdS) was chosen as the wide bandgap semiconductor for this work.This work has shown that high quality nanocrystalline thin films of lead sulfide (PbS) and cadmium sulfide (CdS) can be grown cost efficiently using chemical bath deposition (CBD) method. Chemical bath seeding procedure was also developed in order to achieve reproducibility in the transport phenomena of the advanced materials. Seeding also allows these films to be deposited on any surface, including smooth flexible materials. Seeded kernels have shown to become the crystallization centers for both nanocrystalline films.Opto-electrical properties of the films were tuned in such a way to make the materials useful in a broad-band of the IR spectrum. We have shown that altering the parameters of the chemical bath deposition alters the grains hence changing the transport characteristics of the materials. We have shown that parameters of the chemical bath deposition can be optimized to produce highly sensitive thin films tuned to a specific range of the electromagnetic spectra.Novel transparent conducting oxide, Iridium (Ir) doped Titanium Oxide (TiO2) was developed in this work for the use in the optoelectronic device. Ir has been shown to be one of the most efficient dopants in thin films. Ir doped TiO2 has shown to have transport characteristics similar ii to those of the commonly used TCOs, with much higher optical transmittance in the infra-red range.Lastly devices were manufactured from the developed materials. TiO2/CdS/PbS/Au heterojunctions were manufactured and showed photoresponsivity. Device efficiencies were shown to depend on the...

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Cadmium Sulfide Solar Cells

Cited by 75 publications

References 203 publications

One-pot sonochemical synthesis of CdS nanoparticles: photocatalytic and electrical properties

One-pot sonochemical synthesis of CdS nanoparticles: photocatalytic and electrical properties

98/03942 Semiconductor thin films by chemical bath deposition for solar energy related applications

Mid-IR Range Photosensitive Device Based on Chemically Deposited Nanocrystalline Chalcogenide Thin Films with Tunable Opto-electrical properties

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