Caffeine effects on AdoR mRNA expression in Drosophila melanogaster

Abstract

Abstract:In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether exposure to caffeine in the early stages of development affect AdoR mRNA expression levels in the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) and how this will relate to the developmental success of flies. Adenosine receptors are seen as the most important biochemical targets of caffeine. Simultaneously adenosine signaling orchestrates the development and growth of insects. We demonstrate that AdoR mRNA expression in D. melanogaster is persistent from early stages till imago. Strong alterations in AdoR expression were observed in larvae that had been treated with caffeine. However, after the imaginal molt, the differences in AdoR expression between the insects from all of the test groups evened out despite a wide range of developmental success in the groups. Taken together, these results suggest that caffeine affects the expression of its cellular targets even from the early stages of fruit fly development and thus there is a significantly lower larvaeto-adult survival rate. Moreover, we also proved that the expression of AdoR undergoes a peculiar reset during the maturation of D. melanogaster despite the conditions in which larvae developed.

Caffeine Has Different Immunomodulatory Effect on the Cytokine Expression and NLRP3 Inflammasome Function in Various Human Macrophage Subpopulations

“…Furthermore, we found the most significant expression change caused by caffeine in the case of AR2a, as it was highly elevated in the activated M-MΦs compared to the GM-MΦs in the presence of caffeine both at early and later time points. Previously, the upregulation of ARs expression following caffeine treatment was reported in Drosophila ; however, only one type of AR is expressed in flies, and that is homologous to vertebrate AR2b [ 56 ]. Furthermore, elevated expression of AR1 was shown in rats following caffeine treatment [ 57 ].…”

The duration of caffeine treatment plays an essential role in its effect on sleep and circadian rhythm

“…Apart from this, our study also showed that prolonged caffeine treatment during larval stages delays the pre-adult development in Drosophila . From previous reports, it is known that this caffeine-mediated developmental delay is mostly associated with the changes in the expression of Adenosine receptor (dAdoR) that orchestrates development in Drosophila [ 69 ]. Subsequently, it has been shown that the effect of short exposure to caffeine on sleep is not mediated through dAdoR signaling in Drosophila [ 34 , 70 ] unlike mammals [ 71 ].…”

The duration of caffeine treatment plays an essential role in its effect on sleep and circadian rhythm

“…Our study also showed that chronic caffeine treatment delays the pre-adult development in Drosophila. Caffeine treatment in the early stages of development alters the Adenosine receptor mRNA expression levels and adenosine signalling through adenosine receptor orchestrates the pre-adult development in Drosophila 47,48 . In the present study we showed the effect of 0.5mg/ml, 0.75mg/ml and 1 mg/ml of caffeine on circadian rhythm in Drosophila.…”

“…Apart from this our study also showed that prolonged caffeine treatment during larval stages, delays the pre-adult development in Drosophila . From previous reports it is known that this caffeine mediated developmental delay is mostly associated with the changes in the expression of Adenosine receptor (dAdoR) that orchestrates development in Drosophila 61 . Subsequently, it has been shown that the effect of short exposure to caffeine on sleep is not mediated through adenosine receptor signaling in Drosophila 33,62 unlike mammals 63 .…”