Caffeine increases strength and power performance in resistance‐trained females during early follicular phase

Norum, Martin; Risvang, Linn; Bjørnsen, Thomas; Dimitriou, Lygeri; Rønning, Per Ola; Bjørgen, Morten; Raastad, Truls

doi:10.1111/sms.13776

Cited by 23 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(135 reference statements)

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“…In the primary search, there was a total of 1214 results; 1184 documents were excluded after reading the title or abstract ( Figure 1 ). After reading 30 full-text papers, 7 studies were found that satisfied the inclusion criteria [ 7 , 10 , 11 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. In the secondary search, there were 669 search results, and one study was additionally included [ 19 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the secondary search, there were 669 search results, and one study was additionally included [ 19 ]. Therefore, we included a total of 8 studies in the present review [ 7 , 10 , 11 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For lower-body exercises, studies used the squat, leg press, or knee extension. Only one study [ 16 ] evaluated the effectiveness of the blinding and reported that 66% of the included participants were able to correctly identify the caffeine condition. None of the studies reported any commercial funding.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, the effect sizes reported in individual studies varied. Specifically, two studies [ 15 , 17 ] reported effect sizes of 0.68 and 0.78, while the effects in all other studies [ 7 , 10 , 11 , 16 , 18 , 19 ] were smaller and ranged from –0.06 to 0.32. This variation in effects reported in the individual studies may be due to the utilized exercise tests.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, out of the 10 studies included in that review, only 3 and 2 studies focused on muscular strength and muscular endurance outcomes, respectively. In recent years, the interest in determining the ergogenic effect of caffeine in women has increased and several primary studies examined the effects of caffeine on muscular endurance and muscular strength in this population [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. Accordingly, it is an opportune time to summarize their findings in a meta-analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ergogenic Effects of Acute Caffeine Intake on Muscular Endurance and Muscular Strength in Women: A Meta-Analysis

Grgić

Coso

2021

IJERPH

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This meta-analysis aimed to explore the effects of caffeine ingestion on muscular endurance and muscular strength in women. Five databases were searched to find relevant studies. A random-effects meta-analysis of standardized mean differences (SMD) was performed for data analysis. Subgroup meta-analyses explored the effects of caffeine on upper-body and lower-body muscular endurance and muscular strength. Eight crossover placebo-controlled studies were included in the review. In the main meta-analysis that considered data from all included studies, there was a significant ergogenic effect of caffeine on muscular endurance (SMD = 0.25; p = 0.027) and muscular strength (SMD = 0.18; p < 0.001). In a subgroup analysis that considered only upper-body exercises, there was a significant ergogenic effect of caffeine on muscular endurance (SMD = 0.20; p = 0.007) and muscular strength (SMD = 0.17; p < 0.001). In a subgroup analysis that considered only lower-body exercises, there was no significant difference between caffeine and placebo for muscular endurance (SMD = 0.43; p = 0.092) or muscular strength (SMD = 0.16; p = 0.109). The main finding of this meta-analysis is that caffeine ingestion has a significant ergogenic effect on muscular endurance and muscular strength in women. The effects reported in this analysis are similar to those previously observed in men and suggest that women may use caffeine supplementation as an ergogenic aid for muscular performance. Future research is needed to explore the effects of caffeine on lower-body muscular endurance and muscular strength in this population.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ergogenic Effects of Acute Caffeine Intake on Muscular Endurance and Muscular Strength in Women: A Meta-Analysis

Grgić

Coso

2021

IJERPH

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Load and muscle group size influence the ergogenic effect of acute caffeine intake in muscular strength, power and endurance

et al. 2023

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Effect of isolated and combined ingestion of caffeine and citrulline malate on resistance exercise and jumping performance: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study

Haugen,

Vårvik,

Grgic

et al. 2023

Eur J Nutr

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Purpose The aim of this study was to explore the isolated and combined effects of caffeine and citrulline malate (CitMal) on jumping performance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, and pain perception in resistance-trained participants. Methods Using a randomized and double-blind study design, 35 resistance-trained males (n = 18) and females (n = 17) completed four testing sessions following the ingestion of isolated caffeine (5 mg/kg), isolated CitMal (12 g), combined doses of caffeine and CitMal, and placebo. Supplements were ingested 60 min before performing a countermovement jump (CMJ) test (outcomes included jump height, rate of force development, peak force, and peak power), one-repetition maximum (1RM) squat and bench press, and repetitions to muscular failure in the squat and bench press with 60% of 1RM. Pain perception was evaluated following the repetitions to failure tests. The study was registered at ISRCTN (registration number: ISRCTN11694009). Results Compared to the placebo condition, isolated caffeine ingestion and co-ingestion of caffeine and CitMal significantly enhanced strength in 1RM bench press (Cohen’s d: 0.05–0.06; 2.5–2.7%), muscular endurance in the squat (d: 0.46–0.58; 18.6–18.7%) and bench press (d: 0.48–0.64; 9.3–9.5%). However, there was no significant difference between isolated caffeine ingestion and caffeine co-ingested with CitMal, and isolated CitMal supplementation did not have an ergogenic effect in any outcome. No main effect of condition was found in the analysis for CMJ-derived variables, 1RM squat and pain perception. Conclusion Caffeine ingestion appears to be ergogenic for muscular strength and muscular endurance, while adding CitMal does not seem to further enhance these effects.

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Caffeine increases strength and power performance in resistance‐trained females during early follicular phase

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 23 publications

References 41 publications

Ergogenic Effects of Acute Caffeine Intake on Muscular Endurance and Muscular Strength in Women: A Meta-Analysis

Ergogenic Effects of Acute Caffeine Intake on Muscular Endurance and Muscular Strength in Women: A Meta-Analysis

Load and muscle group size influence the ergogenic effect of acute caffeine intake in muscular strength, power and endurance

Effect of isolated and combined ingestion of caffeine and citrulline malate on resistance exercise and jumping performance: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study

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