Calcined clay – Limestone cements: Hydration processes with high and low-grade kaolinite clays

Cardinaud, Guillemette; Rozière, Emmanuel; Martinage, Olivier; Loukili, Ahmed; Barnes-Davin, Laury; Paris, Michaël; Deneele, Dimitri

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.122271

Cited by 86 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…This increase in strength is attributed to the combined effect of the presence of GGBS and FCS. As reported in several studies, the synergy of the use of multiple SCMs allows reaching high strengths [51][52][53][54][55].…”

Section: Experimental Design and Mixture Modelmentioning

confidence: 87%

Optimization of Ternary Binders Based on Flash-Calcined Sediments and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace slag Using a Mixture Design

Zeraoui¹,

Maherzi²,

Benzerzour³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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CO2 emissions resulting from the production of cement is a major issue, but can be limited by the partial substitution of cement by low-carbon-impact additions. The aim of this study was the formulation of a ternary binder based on ordinary Portland cement (OPC), ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) and flash-calcined sediment (FCS), a dredged waste which was valorized after applying a new heat treatment: flash calcination. The used materials were physically, chemically and mineralogically characterized. The composition of the formulations was optimized using mixture designs. Five formulations, one reference formulation RM (100% OPC), one binary formulation (50% OPC/50% GGBS), and three ternary formulations with a variable FCS rate (10%, 15%, 20%), were selected and characterized fresh and hardened. Results showed that the incorporation of FCS reduced the workability and increased the density. In addition, a decrease in the initial setting time and the heat of hydration peak were observed. In the hardened state, the formulation containing 10% FCS showed 90-day mechanical strengths superior to that of RM. The use of FCS in ternary binders could reduce the environmental impact by reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

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Section: Experimental Design and Mixture Modelmentioning

confidence: 87%

Optimization of Ternary Binders Based on Flash-Calcined Sediments and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace slag Using a Mixture Design

Zeraoui¹,

Maherzi²,

Benzerzour³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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show abstract

“…When thermally activated, clay possesses high pozzolanic activities in contact with cement [ 16 , 17 ]. Limestone that acts as an effective filler also participates in the reaction with the reactive components in calcined clay [ 18 , 19 , 20 ]. The abundant reserves of clayey soils and limestone could ensure the continuous supply [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiscale Investigation on the Performance of Engineered Cementitious Composites Incorporating PE Fiber and Limstone Calcined Clay Cement (LC3)

et al. 2022

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Limestone calcined clay cement (LC3) is successfully used to fabricate engineered cementitious composites (ECC) exhibiting tensile strength σtu of 9.55 ± 0.59 MPa or tensile strain capacity εtu of 8.53 ± 0.30%. The high tensile strength of the composites is closely related to the improvement of fiber/matrix interfacial bond strength, and the high ductility is attributed to the enhancement of fiber dispersion homogeneity. For the case of ECC incorporating 50% LC3, the reduction of initial cracking stress σtc that favors the growth of the crack in a controlled manner also contributes to the improvement of strain hardening behavior. The composition analysis indicates that carboaluminates and additional hydration products including C-(A)-S-H and ettringite are generated, which contributes to the densification of the microstructure of the ECC matrix. The pore structure is thus remarkably refined. Besides, when ordinary Portland cement (OPC) is partly replaced by LC3, the consumed energy and equivalent CO2 emission decrease, especially the equivalent CO2 emission with the reduction ratio attaining 40.31%. It is found that ECC using 35% LC3 exhibits the highest mechanical resistance and ECC incorporating 50% LC3 shows the highest ductility from the environmental point of view.

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“…Chakchouk et al [11] studied different types of clays and showed that the clays containing the highest content of kaolinite give better mechanical strength resulting from their reactivity. Cardinaud et al [12] showed that kaolinite content is a determining factor in a binary system (clinker + calcined clay), while it does not affect long-term performance in a ternary system (clinker + limestone + calcined clay). It should also be noted that kaolinite content is not the only factor that influences reactivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural Analysis of the Reactivity Parameters of Calcined Clays

et al. 2022

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Four (04) different types of clays from Burkina Faso were studied for their potential applications in the production of calcined clays as substitution materials for Portland cement. The study aimed at analyzing the factors affecting their reactivity. The untreated clays were subjected to various tests to highlight the intrinsic properties that can influence their reactivity. After the treatment by calcination, the clays were subjected to various pozzolanicity tests and microstructural analysis in order to evaluate their influence on the microstructure of the cement paste. The results showed that the reactivity of calcined clays is strongly related to the intrinsic properties of the raw clays, such as the content and the structure of kaolinite: disordered kaolinite reacts better than ordered kaolinite. After the calcination, the reactivity depends on the amorphous phase (amorphous content) of the clays, which influences the strength activity index. This study established a correlation between different parameters to easily identify the main properties of calcined clays that can influence their pozzolanic reactivity. All the results showed that the kaolinite content is a determining factor in the reactivity of clays before calcination. However, the study showed that the amorphous content of kaolinite is the determining parameter of the reactivity of calcined clays, as calcination can lead to the recrystallization of kaolinite.

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Calcined clay – Limestone cements: Hydration processes with high and low-grade kaolinite clays

Cited by 86 publications

References 52 publications

Optimization of Ternary Binders Based on Flash-Calcined Sediments and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace slag Using a Mixture Design

Optimization of Ternary Binders Based on Flash-Calcined Sediments and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace slag Using a Mixture Design

Multiscale Investigation on the Performance of Engineered Cementitious Composites Incorporating PE Fiber and Limstone Calcined Clay Cement (LC3)

Microstructural Analysis of the Reactivity Parameters of Calcined Clays

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