Calcium-Containing Platelet Granules

Martin, J. Holmes; Carson, Freida L.; Race, George J.

doi:10.1083/jcb.60.3.775

Cited by 45 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…This fixation method has been used with satisfactory results by Martin et al [22], but the analysis in their studies was done on sec tioned cells. Recently, Yarom [23] has reviewed the different methods of platelet preparation for X-ray microanalysis and reported her own experience with air-dried whole mounts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Platelet X-Ray Microanalysis in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

et al. 1985

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The platelet element content was determined by semiquantitative X-ray microanalysis in 6 patients with chronic renal failure. The patients showed a different degree of thrombocytopathy expressed by impaired adhesiveness, epinephrine-induced aggregation and platelet factor 3 availability. The microanalysis indicated significantly increased quantities of phosphorus and copper in patients’ platelets. Sodium and zinc showed a decrease in about half of the patients, whereas iron was significantly increased in at least 50% of the patients. Magnesium and potassium did not show any difference from the control. The results of sulfur, chlorine and calcium did not reveal a consistent pattern

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Platelet X-Ray Microanalysis in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

et al. 1985

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“…Biochemical analysis of relatively pure fractions of very dense granules isolated from rabbit platelets indicates that they contain serotonin and nucleotides (11); X-ray spectroscopy reveals the presence of calcium (12). The chemical composition of the a-granule is less well defined than that of the "serotonin" granule, yet it is the former granule which is purported to be the platelet lysosome (4-7, 9, 10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytochemical localization of lysosomal enzymes in rat megakaryocytes and platelets.

Bentfeld¹,

Bainton²

1975

J. Clin. Invest.

109

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A B S T R A C T Platelets secrete lysosomal enzymes during the "platelet release reaction" early in clot formation. This study was undertaken to identify primary lysosomes of platelets and to determine their origin in megakaryocytes. Using electron microscopy and cytochemistry, we localized two lysosomal enzymes, arylsulfatase and acid phosphatase, in megakaryocytes and platelets of normal and thrombocytopenic rats. In platelets and mature megakaryocytes, reaction product for both enzymes is confined to vesicles measuring 175-250 nm. These vesicles, which are primary lysosomes, first appear in the earliest recognizable megakaryocytes and increase in number during cellular maturation. In immature and maturing megakaryocytes, arylsulfatase and acid phosphatase can also be demonstrated in an organelle similar to GERL (Golgi-endoplasmic reticulumlysosome), i.e., a single smooth-surfaced cisterna with associated vesicles near the stacked Golgi cisternae. Scant reaction product for acid phosphatase is also sometimes seen in Golgi cisternae and endoplasmic reticulum. No reaction product was found in a-granules at any stage of megakaryocyte maturation, nor in a-or serotonin granules of platelets. Thus, our findings indicate that the primary lysosomes of megakaryocytes and platelets are small vesicles derived from GERL early in megakaryocyte differentiation. They can be identified only after cytochemical staining and are distinct from both a-and serotonin granules.

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“…INTRODUCTION An essential element of platelet function is the secretion of a defined pool of intracellular compounds, including serotonin, adenine nucleotides, and calcium (Holmsen, Day & Stormorken, 1969;Holmsen & Day, 1971). It is generally believed, but not proved, that the mechanism involves exocytosis of secretary granules, and that the secretary granules are the morphologically distinct 'dense bodies' -electron-dense granules known to contain high concentrations of calcium, phosphorus and probably serotonin (Holmsen & Day, 1971;White, 1970;Martin, Carson & Race, 1974;Skaer, Peters & Emmines, 1974;Tanaka, Costa, Pettigrew, Yoda & Cushing, 1975).…”

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confidence: 99%

Quantitative evaluation of the loss of human platelet dense bodies following stimulation by thrombin or A23187.

Costa¹,

Detwiler²,

Feinman³

et al. 1977

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. Distributions of dense bodies per platelet were evaluated in unstimulated human platelets and in platelets stimulated to secrete by the addition of varying amounts of thrombin or the ionophore A23187. Since distributions were not Gaussian, they were compared by non-parametric methods.2. Most distributions obtained following varying levels of dense-body release differed significantly from the control (unstimulated) distribution. In general, distributions from points widely separated in terms of per cent release of total dense-body content also differed significantly. Distributions obtained at points where the total number of dense bodies lost was approximately the same did not differ significantly, regardless of the drug and incubation conditions used to produce the dense-body loss.3. Dense bodies were lost from platelets during the secretary process (measured as the release of either calcium or ATP), and the number of dense bodies lost correlated at a significant level with the amounts of both substances secreted.4. Following maximal secretion produced by either thrombin or A23187, a population of dense bodies (refractory dense bodies) remained in platelets. The refractory dense bodies could not have been distributed uniformly among the control populations of either platelets or dense bodies.The distribution of refractory dense bodies could, however, be described by a model in which platelets containing larger numbers of dense bodies had a greater proportion of their dense-body complement refractory than did platelets containing fewer dense bodies.

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Calcium-Containing Platelet Granules

Cited by 45 publications

References 6 publications

Platelet X-Ray Microanalysis in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

Platelet X-Ray Microanalysis in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

Cytochemical localization of lysosomal enzymes in rat megakaryocytes and platelets.

Quantitative evaluation of the loss of human platelet dense bodies following stimulation by thrombin or A23187.

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