Calculating residual flows through a multiple-inlet system: the conundrum of the tidal period

Duran‐Matute, Matias; Gerkema, Theo

doi:10.1007/s10236-015-0875-1

Cited by 28 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…[] that gaps in space and time in the ADCP ferry measurements make the calculation of the annual mean transport unreliable. Besides, the model results show a huge variability, even in sign, of the annual‐mean transport through the Marsdiep [ Duran‐Matute and Gerkema , ], as it depends strongly on the interannual variability of the wind statistics. As a result, it is not really meaningful to speak of “the” annual‐mean transport as such.…”

Section: Model Skill Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A numerical model for the entire Wadden Sea: Skill assessment and analysis of hydrodynamics

et al. 2016

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A baroclinic three‐dimensional numerical model for the entire Wadden Sea of the German Bight in the southern North Sea is first assessed by comparison to field data for surface elevation, current velocity, temperature, and salinity at selected stations and then used to calculate fluxes of volume and salt inside the Wadden Sea and the exchange between the Wadden Sea and the adjacent North Sea through the major tidal inlets. The model is simulating the reference years 2009–2011. An overview of tidal prisms and residual volume fluxes of the main inlets and their variability is given. In addition, data from an intensive observational campaign in a tidal channel south of the island of Spiekeroog as well as satellite images and observations of sea surface properties from a ship of opportunity are used for the skill assessment. Finally, the intensity of estuarine overturning circulation and its variability in the tidal gullies are quantified and analyzed as function of gravitational and wind straining using various estimates including Total Exchange Flow (TEF). Regional differences between the gullies are assessed and drivers of the estuarine circulation are identified. For some inlets, the longitudinal buoyancy gradient dominates the exchange flow, for some others wind straining is more important. Also the intensity of tidal straining (scaled covariance of eddy viscosity and vertical shear) depends on buoyancy gradient and wind forcing in different ways, depending on local topography, orientation toward the main wind direction, and influence by freshwater run off inside or outside the tidal basin.

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Section: Model Skill Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A numerical model for the entire Wadden Sea: Skill assessment and analysis of hydrodynamics

et al. 2016

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“…Several studies showed that wind and rainfall affect the hydrodynamics of the Wadden Sea substantially (Donker, 2015;Duran-Matute et al, 2014;Duran-Matute & Gerkema, 2015). Duran-Matute et al (2014) found how wind can change the advective transport.…”

Section: Future Budgetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term trends in nutrient budgets of the western Dutch Wadden Sea (1976–2012)

Jung

Brinkman²,

Folmer

et al. 2017

Journal of Sea Research

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Long-term field observations of nitrogen [N] and phosphorus [P] concentrations were used to construct nutrient budgets for the western Dutch Wadden Sea between 1976 and 2012. Nutrients come into the western Dutch Wadden Sea via river runoff, through exchange with the coastal zone of the North Sea, neighbouring tidal basins and through atmospheric deposition (for N). The highest concentrations in phosphorus and nitrogen were observed in the mid-1980s. Improved phosphorus removal at waste water treatment plants, management of fertilization in agriculture and removal of phosphates from detergents led to reduced riverine nutrient inputs and, consequently, reduced nutrient concentrations in the Wadden Sea. The budgets suggest that the period of the initial net import of phosphorus and nitrogen switched to a net export in 1981 for nitrogen and in 1992 for phosphorus. Such different behaviour in nutrient budgets during the rise and fall of external nutrient concentrations may be the result of different sediment-water exchange dynamics for P and N. It is hypothesized that during the period of increasing eutrophication (1976-1981) P, and to a lesser degree N, were stored in sediments as organic and inorganic nutrients. In the following period (1981-1992) external nutrient concentrations (especially in the North Sea) decreased, but P concentrations in the Wadden Sea remained high due to prolonged sediment release, while denitrification removed substantial amounts of N.

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“…This definition was first introduced by Duran‐Matute et al . [], and its advantages were further discussed by Duran‐Matute and Gerkema [].…”

Section: Numerical Setup and Computation Of Tidally Averaged Quantitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We define the tidal period as the time between two consecutive instants, taken during rising tides, when the instantaneous water volume inside the WDWS matches the long-term average value. This definition was first introduced by Duran-Matute et al [2014], and its advantages were further discussed by Duran-Matute and Gerkema [2015].…”

Section: Numerical Setup and Computation Of Tidally Averaged Quantitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Effect of Wind on the Total Residual Volume Transport 6.1. Effect of Wind on a Short Time Scale (One Tidal Period) One of the advantages of the definition of the tidal period used to calculate the residual volume transport is that we obtained automatically a closed balance: the sum of the residual volume transport at all the transects, the rate of fresh water discharge, evaporation rate and precipitation equals zero [Duran-Matute and Gerkema, 2015]. In this way, the magnitude of the total residual volume transport through the system for a given tidal period can be obtained by adding all the inflows or all the outflows through the inlets.…”

Section: Spatial Patterns Of Residual Flowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantifying the residual volume transport through a multiple-inlet system in response to wind forcing: The case of the western Dutch Wadden Sea

Duran‐Matute

Gerkema

Sassi

2016

J. Geophys. Res. Oceans

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In multiple‐inlet coastal systems like the western Dutch Wadden Sea, the tides (and their interaction with the bathymetry), the fresh water discharge, and the wind drive a residual flow through the system. In the current paper, we study the effect of the wind on the residual volume transport through the inlets and the system as a whole on both the short (one tidal period) and long (seasonal or yearly) time scales. The results are based on realistic three‐dimensional baroclinic numerical simulations for the years 2009–2011. The length of the simulations (over 2000 tidal periods) allowed us to analyze a large variety of conditions and quantify the effect of wind on the residual volume transport. We found that each inlet has an anisotropic response to wind; i.e., the residual volume transport is much more sensitive to the wind from two inherent preferential directions than from any other directions. We quantify the effects of wind on the residual volume transport through the system and introduce the concept of the system's conductance for such wind driven residual transport. For the western Dutch Wadden Sea, the dominant wind direction in the region is close to the direction with the highest conductance and opposes the tidally driven residual volume transport. This translates in a large variability of the residual volume transport and a dominance of the wind in its long‐term characteristics in spite of the episodic nature of storms.

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Calculating residual flows through a multiple-inlet system: the conundrum of the tidal period

Cited by 28 publications

References 24 publications

A numerical model for the entire Wadden Sea: Skill assessment and analysis of hydrodynamics

A numerical model for the entire Wadden Sea: Skill assessment and analysis of hydrodynamics

Long-term trends in nutrient budgets of the western Dutch Wadden Sea (1976–2012)

Quantifying the residual volume transport through a multiple-inlet system in response to wind forcing: The case of the western Dutch Wadden Sea

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