Calculation of ventilation rates and ammonia emissions: Comparison of sampling strategies for a naturally ventilated dairy barn

Janke, David; Willink, Dylia; Ammon, Christian; Hempel, Sabrina; Schrade, Sabine; Demeyer, Peter; Hartung, Eberhard; Amon, Barbara; Ogink, N.W.M.; Amon, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2020.07.011

Cited by 31 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The dimensions of each AOZ were H AOZ = 1.6 m, L AOZ = L/4, W AOZ = W/4, and they were disposed as shown in Figure 4b in red. According to the density 2.4 m 2 cow −1 (taken from a barn in Northern Germany; for a detailed barn description, see, e.g., Janke et al [1]), the number of cows for the AOZ dimensions was 33 cows. Using the method described in Doumbia et al [13], the AOZ was replaced by a porous medium with the corresponding pressure drop (in the three main directions) and heat transfer functions extracted from the 33 cow 3D geometry numerical simulation; see Figure 5.…”

Section: Turbulent Schmidt Number Definition and Dispersion Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The average CO 2 production of 537.8 g cow −1 h −1 was calculated from formulas extracted in [15] based on an average cow weight of 675 kg from the ATB Dummerstorf barn [2]. On the other hand, the NH 3 gas sources with a release rate of 0.13155 mg m −2 s −1 [1] represented, in green in Figure 5, the NH 3 gas emitted by the cow manure in the walking alleys.…”

Section: Release Gas Positionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evaluation points forming lines at the outcoming flow directions were set as well inside the barn. Those settlements of the points for the evaluation of the gas concentration were extracted from the work of [1]. Thus, we looked for the condition quotient 1 to be verified.…”

Section: Boundary Conditions: Velocity Rivaluesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gas emissions from natural ventilated barns (NVBs) are often estimated using the tracer gas method, which relies on the assumption that the tracer and target gas are well mixed at the location of measurement (e.g., for CO 2 balancing where CO 2 is a naturally produced tracer) [1]. Measurement uncertainty is high since gas mixing is not perfect [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On Finding the Right Sampling Line Height through a Parametric Study of Gas Dispersion in a NVB

Doumbia

Janke

et al. 2021

Applied Sciences

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The tracer gas method is one of the common ways to evaluate the air exchange rate in a naturally ventilated barn. One crucial condition for the accuracy of the method is that both considered gases (pollutant and tracer) are perfectly mixed at the points where the measurements are done. In the present study, by means of computational fluids dynamics (CFD), the mixing ratio NH3/CO2 is evaluated inside a barn in order to assess under which flow conditions the common height recommendation guidelines for sampling points (sampling line and sampling net) of the tracer gas method are most valuable. Our CFD model considered a barn with a rectangular layout and four animal-occupied zones modeled as a porous medium representing pressure drop and heat entry from lying and standing cows. We studied three inflow angles and six combinations of air inlet wind speed and temperatures gradients covering the three types of convection, i.e., natural, mixed, and forced. Our results showed that few cases corresponded to a nearly perfect gas mixing ratio at the currently common recommendation of at least a 3 m measurement height, while the best height in fact lied between 1.5 m and 2.5 m for most cases.

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Section: Turbulent Schmidt Number Definition and Dispersion Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Release Gas Positionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Boundary Conditions: Velocity Rivaluesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On Finding the Right Sampling Line Height through a Parametric Study of Gas Dispersion in a NVB

Doumbia

Janke

et al. 2021

Applied Sciences

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“…In designing a natural ventilation system for CBPs it is necessary to assess the ventilation induced by thermal buoyancy and wind forces during different seasons and under different animal housing conditions [9]. More studies on how naturally ventilated system performance affects management and environmental conditions are needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D CFD Analysis of Natural Ventilation in Reduced Scale Model of Compost Bedded Pack Barn for Dairy Cows

et al. 2020

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Compost bedded pack (CBP) barns have been receiving increased attention as an alternative housing system for dairy cattle. To create a satisfactory environment within CBP barns that promotes a good composting process, an adequate air movement and minimal temperature fluctuations throughout the building are required. Therefore, a study based on compost barn structure model employing techniques of dimensional analysis for naturally ventilated buildings was developed. Three-dimensional computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations of compost barns with different ridge designs and wind direction, along with the visual demonstration of the impact on airflow through structure were performed. The results showed that the barn ventilation CFD model and simulations were in good agreement with the experimental measurements, predicting the airflow through the CBP barns structure for alternative roof ridge types adequately. The results also indicate that the best roof configuration in the winter was the open ridge with chimney for a west to east wind direction.

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Spatial Variability of Ammonia Concentrations in an Open-Sided Dairy Barn

D’Urso

Arcidiacono

Cascone

2022

Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering

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Calculation of ventilation rates and ammonia emissions: Comparison of sampling strategies for a naturally ventilated dairy barn

Cited by 31 publications

References 22 publications

On Finding the Right Sampling Line Height through a Parametric Study of Gas Dispersion in a NVB

On Finding the Right Sampling Line Height through a Parametric Study of Gas Dispersion in a NVB

3D CFD Analysis of Natural Ventilation in Reduced Scale Model of Compost Bedded Pack Barn for Dairy Cows

Spatial Variability of Ammonia Concentrations in an Open-Sided Dairy Barn

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