Calibration and Intercomparison of Filter-Based Measurements of Visible Light Absorption by Aerosols

Bond, Tami C.; Anderson, Theodore L.; Campbell, Dave

doi:10.1080/027868299304435

Cited by 978 publications

(1,313 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Bond et al reported that even nonabsorbing particles can increase light extinction when deposited on the filter via light scattering. 36 This effect resulted in a 2-9% increase in optical density at atmospheric concentrations. Bond et al also reported that scattering of non-absorbing aerosols mixed with the absorbing aerosols can increase light extinction by 20-30%.…”

Section: Interferencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Light scattering may have more of an influence if other scattering aerosols are collected with the DPM. 36 The Airtec device (see Fig. 1) weighs approximately 1.5 lbs and can be worn by a worker or positioned for area sampling.…”

Section: Description Of Airtecmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…36,[39][40][41][42] Non-absorbing particles can affect the light extinction by light scattering or can enhance the absorption by multiple scattering which causes more opportunity for light absorption. 36 The influence of these effects depends upon filter type, light wavelength, and aerosol. 36,[39][40][41][42] Therefore, the influence of these potential interferences specifically for the Airtec needs to be evaluated.…”

Section: Interferencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…36 The influence of these effects depends upon filter type, light wavelength, and aerosol. 36,[39][40][41][42] Therefore, the influence of these potential interferences specifically for the Airtec needs to be evaluated.…”

Section: Interferencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bond et al also reported that scattering of non-absorbing aerosols mixed with the absorbing aerosols can increase light extinction by 20-30%. 36 The authors attributed this to multi-scattering by the particles allowing more opportunities for light absorption. Given the high concentration of dust utilized for evaluating the Airtec, these effects could easily be greater than those reported by Bond et al…”

Section: Interferencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Real-time diesel particulate monitor for underground mines

2013

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The standard method for determining diesel particulate matter (DPM) exposures in underground metal/ nonmetal mines provides the average exposure concentration for an entire working shift, and several weeks might pass before results are obtained. The main problem with this approach is that it only indicates that an overexposure has occurred rather than providing the ability to prevent an overexposure or detect its cause. Conversely, real-time measurement would provide miners with timely information to allow engineering controls to be deployed immediately and to identify the major factors contributing to any overexposures. Toward this purpose, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) developed a laser extinction method to measure realtime elemental carbon (EC) concentrations (EC is a DPM surrogate). To employ this method, NIOSH developed a person-wearable instrument that was commercialized in 2011. This paper evaluates this commercial instrument, including the calibration curve, limit of detection, accuracy, and potential interferences. The instrument was found to meet the NIOSH accuracy criteria and to be capable of measuring DPM concentrations at levels observed in underground mines. In addition, it was found that a submicron size selector was necessary to avoid interference from mine dust and that cigarette smoke can be an interference when sampling in enclosed cabs.

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Section: Interferencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Description Of Airtecmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interferencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interferencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interferencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Real-time diesel particulate monitor for underground mines

2013

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Measurements of the mass absorption cross section of atmospheric soot particles using Raman spectroscopy

et al. 2013

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[1] Soot particles are a major absorber of shortwave radiation in the atmosphere. The mass absorption cross section is an essential quantity to describe this light absorption process. This work presents new experimental data on the mass absorption cross section of soot particles in the troposphere over Central Europe. Mass absorption cross sections were derived as the ratio between the light absorption coefficient determined by multiangle absorption photometry (MAAP) and the soot mass concentration determined by Raman spectroscopy. The Raman method is sensitive to graphitic structures present in the particle samples and was calibrated in the laboratory using Printex r 90 model particles. Mass absorption cross sections were determined for a number of seven observation sites, ranging between 3.9 and 7.4 m 2 g -1 depending on measurement site and observational period. The highest values were found in a continentally aged air mass in winter, where soot particles were assumed to be mainly internally mixed. Our values are in the lower range of previously reported values, possibly due to instrumental differences to the former photometer and mass measurements. Overall, a value of 5.3 m 2 g -1 from orthogonal regression over all samples is considered to be representative for the soot mass absorption cross section in the troposphere over Central Europe.

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Case study of absorption aerosol optical depth closure of black carbon over the East China Sea

et al. 2014

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[1] Absorption aerosol optical depth (AAOD) measurements made by sun-sky photometers are currently the only constraint available for estimates of the global radiative forcing of black carbon (BC), but their validation studies are limited. In this paper, we report the first attempt to compare AAODs derived from single-particle soot photometer (SP2) and ground-based sun-sky photometer (sky radiometer, SKYNET) measurements. During the Aerosol Radiative Forcing in East Asia (A-FORCE) experiments, BC size distribution and mixing state vertical profiles were measured using an SP2 on board a research aircraft near the Fukue Observatory (32.8°N, 128.7°E) over the East China Sea in spring 2009 and late winter 2013. The aerosol extinction coefficients (b ext ) and single scattering albedo (SSA) at 500 nm were calculated based on aerosol size distribution and detailed BC mixing state information. The calculated aerosol optical depth (AOD) agreed well with the sky radiometer measurements (2 ± 6%) when dust loadings were low (lidar-derived nonspherical particle contribution to AOD less than 20%). However, under these low-dust conditions, the AAODs obtained from sky radiometer measurements were only half of the in situ estimates. When dust loadings were high, the sky radiometer measurements showed systematically higher AAODs even when all coarse particles were assumed to be dust for in situ measurements. These results indicate that there are considerable uncertainties in AAOD measurements. Uncertainties in the BC refractive index, optical calculations from in situ data, and sky radiometer retrieval analyses are discussed.

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Calibration and Intercomparison of Filter-Based Measurements of Visible Light Absorption by Aerosols

Cited by 978 publications

References 31 publications

Real-time diesel particulate monitor for underground mines

Real-time diesel particulate monitor for underground mines

Measurements of the mass absorption cross section of atmospheric soot particles using Raman spectroscopy

Case study of absorption aerosol optical depth closure of black carbon over the East China Sea

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