Caliope: an operational air quality forecasting system for the Iberian Peninsula, Balearic Islands and Canary Islands – first annual evaluation and ongoing developments

Baldasano, J. M.; Jiménez‐Guerrero, Pedro; Jorba, Oriol; García‐Pando, Carlos Pérez; López, E.; Güereca, P.; Martín, Fernando López; Vivanco, Marta G.; Palomino, Inmaculada; Querol, Xavier; Pandolfi, M.; Sanz, María José; Diéguez, J. J.

doi:10.5194/asr-2-89-2008

Cited by 58 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In the frame of the CALIOPE system (Baldasano et al, 2008a; http://www.bsc.es/caliope), the Barcelona Supercomputing Center-Centro Nacional de Supercomputación (BSC-CNS) operates an air quality forecasting system for Spain (at 4 km × 4 km horizontal resolution) and Europe (at 12 km × 12 km horizontal resolution) with WRF-ARW/HERMES-EMEP/CMAQ and desert dust forecasts with BSC-DREAM8b (Nickovic et al, 2001;Pérez et al, 2006a, b). In contrast to many other European modelling systems, CALIOPE includes a non-climatic representation of Saharan dust transport in its forecast mode.…”

Section: S Basart Et Al: Aerosols In the Caliope Air Quality Modellmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosols in the CALIOPE air quality modelling system: evaluation and analysis of PM levels, optical depths and chemical composition over Europe

et al. 2012

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Abstract. The CALIOPE air quality modelling system is developed and applied to Europe with high spatial resolution (12 km × 12 km). The modelled daily-to-seasonal aerosol variability over Europe in 2004 is evaluated and analysed. Aerosols are estimated from two models, CMAQv4.5 (AERO4) and BSC-DREAM8b. CMAQv4.5 calculates biogenic, anthropogenic and sea salt aerosol and BSC-DREAM8b provides the natural mineral dust contribution from North African deserts. For the evaluation, we use daily PM10, PM2.5 and aerosol components data from 55 stations of the EMEP/CREATE network and total, coarse and fine aerosol optical depth (AOD) data from 35 stations of the AERONET sun photometer network. Annual correlations between modelled and observed values for PM10 and PM2.5 are 0.55 and 0.47, respectively. Correlations for total, coarse and fine AOD are 0.51, 0.63, and 0.53, respectively. The higher correlations of the PM10 and the coarse mode AOD are largely due to the accurate representation of the African dust influence in the forecasting system. Overall PM and AOD levels are underestimated. The evaluation of the aerosol components highlights underestimations in the fine fraction of carbonaceous matter (EC and OC) and secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA; i.e. nitrate, sulphate and ammonium). The scores of the bulk parameters are significantly improved after applying a simple model bias correction based on the observed aerosol composition. The simulated PM10 and AOD present maximum values over the industrialized and populated Po Valley and Benelux regions. SIA are dominant in the fine fraction representing up to 80% of the aerosol budget in latitudes north of 40° N. In southern Europe, high PM10 and AOD are linked to the desert dust transport from the Sahara which contributes up to 40% of the aerosol budget. Maximum seasonal ground-level concentrations (PM10 > 30 μg m−3) are found between spring and early autumn. We estimate that desert dust causes daily exceedances of the PM10 European air quality limit value (50 μg m−3) in large areas south of 45° N with more than 75 exceedances per year in the southernmost regions.

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Section: S Basart Et Al: Aerosols In the Caliope Air Quality Modellmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosols in the CALIOPE air quality modelling system: evaluation and analysis of PM levels, optical depths and chemical composition over Europe

et al. 2012

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“…High concentrations of NO 2 within the PBL are directly related to anthropogenic NO x emission. Baldasano et al (2008a) estimated that the largest NO x emission sources come from combustion in energy and transformation industries (41% of NO x total emission) followed by road transport (37% of NO x total emission).…”

Section: Nitrogen Dioxidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CALIOPE project, funded by the Spanish Ministry of the Environment, (Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino), aims at establishing an air quality forecasting system for Spain (Baldasano et al, 2008a). CALIOPE ( Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the episodic nature of dust outbreaks, the representation of these events cannot be well simulated with solely the information of aerosol boundary conditions (Jiménez-Guerrero et al, 2008a;Menut and Bessagnet, 2010). Vautard et al (2005a) showed that simulated aerosol loadings, using the current knowledge on aerosol mechanisms, may be underestimated by up to 30-50 % if only anthropogenic sources are taken into account.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies investigated air quality concerns over selected areas in Spain (San José et al, 1999;Jiménez-Guerrero et al, 2008b;Vivanco et al, 2008) or over the entire Peninsula (Baldasano et al, 2008a;Jiménez-Guerrero et al, 2008a;Vivanco et al, 2009). Most models ran with horizontal cell resolution of 18 km x 18 km or coarser for domains covering the Spanish territory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatio-temporal variability of concentrations and speciation of particulate matter across Spain in the CALIOPE modeling system

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Jiménez‐Guerrero

Jorba

et al. 2012

Atmospheric Environment

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The CALIOPE project, funded by the Spanish Ministry of the Environment, aims at establishing an air quality forecasting system for Spain. With this goal, CALIOPE modeling system was developed and applied with high resolution (4 km x 4 km, 1hr) using the HERMES emission model (including emissions of resuspended particles from paved roads) specifically built up for Spain. The present study provides an evaluation and an assessment of that air quality modeling system, namely WRF-ARW/HERMES/CMAQ/BSC-DREAM8b for a full year simulation in 2004 over Spain. The evaluation focused on the capability of the model to reproduce the temporal and spatial distribution of gas phase species (NO2, O3, and SO2) and particulate matter (PM10) against ground-based measurements from the Spanish air quality monitoring network. The evaluation of the modeling results on an hourly basis showed a strong dependency of the performance of the model on the type of zone (urban, suburban and rural) and the dominant emission sources (traffic, industrial, and background). The O3 chemistry is best represented in summer, when mean hourly variability and high peaks are generally well reproduced. The mean normalized error and bias meet the recommendations proposed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA) and the European regulations. Modeled O3 shows higher performance for urban than for rural stations, especially at traffic stations in large cities, since stations influenced by traffic emissions (i.e. high NOx emissions) are better characterized with a more pronounced daily variability. NOx/O3 chemistry is better represented under non-limited-NO2 regimes. SO 2 is mainly produced from isolated point sources (power generation and transformation industries) which generate large plumes of high SO 2 concentration affecting the air quality on a local to national scale where the meteorological pattern is crucial. The contribution of mineral dust from the Sahara desert through the BSC-DREAM8b model helps to satisfactorily reproduce episodic high PM10 concentration peaks at background stations. The model assessment indicates that one of the main air quality-related problems in Spain is the high level of O3. A quarter of the Iberian Peninsula presents more than 30 days exceeding the value 120 µg m -3 for the maximum 8-hr O3 concentration as a consequence of the transport of O3 precursors downwind the Madrid and Barcelona metropolitan areas, and industrial areas and cities in the Mediterranean coast.

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Circulation‐type classification derived on a climatic basis to study air quality dynamics over the Iberian Peninsula

Valverde

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Baldasano

2014

Intl Journal of Climatology

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A circulation‐type classification is derived for the 1983–2012 climatic period to characterize air quality dynamics over the Iberian Peninsula (IP). Sensitivity tests to automatic classification techniques and other factors affecting the classification (number of patterns, temporal and spatial resolution, domain size, etc.) are performed to objectivize the set‐up that maximizes its quality. The ERA‐Interim reanalysis and the cost733class classification software are used. The identified circulation types (CTs) are described in terms of frequency, persistence, transitions, and location of isobaric systems. The temporal stability of the classification is evaluated following a cross‐validation process that compares the results of the climatic and yearly classifications, leading to the identification of a representative year. Moreover, a representative day for each CT is identified using an objective score that minimizes the absolute value difference of the daily grid with respect to the average CT grid. The reference set‐up uses a cluster‐based technique (Ck‐means) on a daily mean sea‐level pressure database. Six CTs are identified, which are consistent with synoptic patterns found in the literature. Furthermore, the CTs of the climatic period are temporally stable showing similar characteristics in terms of frequency and location of high‐ and low‐pressure systems as those of the representative year (2012). As a first application of the CT classification, 1 h‐maximum NO2 concentration maps from the CALIOPE Air Quality Forecasting System is analysed for the representative days. Synoptic circulation controls the origin and strength of advection explaining transport and NO2 background concentration over the IP. However, there is a strong spatial heterogeneity: in central, northern, and southern IP; NO2 concentrations are controlled by the synoptic circulation, whereas in Spanish Mediterranean coastal areas, a combination of synoptic and mesoscale dynamics explains the NO2 concentration patterns.

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Caliope: an operational air quality forecasting system for the Iberian Peninsula, Balearic Islands and Canary Islands – first annual evaluation and ongoing developments

Cited by 58 publications

References 22 publications

Aerosols in the CALIOPE air quality modelling system: evaluation and analysis of PM levels, optical depths and chemical composition over Europe

Aerosols in the CALIOPE air quality modelling system: evaluation and analysis of PM levels, optical depths and chemical composition over Europe

Spatio-temporal variability of concentrations and speciation of particulate matter across Spain in the CALIOPE modeling system

Circulation‐type classification derived on a climatic basis to study air quality dynamics over the Iberian Peninsula

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