Calixarene complexes with soft metal ions

Abstract

In this review calixarene complexes with copper, silver, gold, zinc, cadmium and mercury ions are described, showing their properties and application possibilities. In some cases also resorcinarene and pyrogallolarene metal complexes are presented. The attention is paid to species interesting in the search of artificial enzymes.

Synthesis of Ionizable Calix[4]arenes for Chelation of Selected Divalent Cations

“…Additionally, they can interact with amino acids or show promising enzyme inhibitory effects [ 10 ]. Their ability to form inclusion compounds with neutral molecules [ 11 ] or ions [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ] makes them useful as sensors [ 17 , 18 ], catalysts [ 19 ], ligands, or as effective separation agents for ions [ 20 ] when resin-bound [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Since calix[4]arene derivatives interact particularly strongly with heavy group 2 metals [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ], one major field of application consists in their use as extraction agents for nuclear waste treatment [ 27 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ].…”

Calixarenes containing modified meso bridges

“…29,30 Attention should be paid also to pillararenes, a new class of cage macrocycles interesting for their receptor properties, and liquid crystals. 40 The present paper is a continuation of our earlier review on calixarenes functionalized at meso positions, 41 as well as of other papers dealing with rotaxanes containing calixarene macrocycles as rings, 22 functionalized calixarenes, 42 covalently and noncovalently bound assemblies of calixarenes 43 and calixarene complexes with metal ions; 44,45 calixarenes and resorcinarenes were described in ref. 30.…”

Spectrophotometric Determination of Cr(III) and Pb(II) Using Their Complexes with 5,11,17,23-Tetra[(2-ethyl acetoethoxyphenyl)(azo)phenyl]calix[4]arene

“…Calixarenes are ideal frameworks for the development of chromogenic ionophores in the molecular recognition of ionic species of chemical and biological interests since the incorporation of a suitable sensory group into the calixarene results in a tailored chromogenic receptor [5]. A variety of compounds based upon calixarene having nitrophenylazophenol, nitrophenol, indoaniline, indophenol, and azophenol functional groups have successfully designed and exhibited a pronounced chromogenic behavior towards Na + , K + , Cs + , Ca 2+ , UO 2 2+ , and even chiral amines [5–7]. Azocalixarenes are generated by the electrophilic substitution reaction of nitrogen atoms at the p -position unit of the calixarene structure, having several isomers based on the position of the nitrogen atoms and the ring size [8, 9].…”