Callogenesis of Dayak Onion (Eleutherine palmifolia) Bulb in response of Picloram, 2,4-D, and Kinetin

Abstract

Dayak onion contains bioactive compounds that are traditionally used for medicine. The production of bioactive compounds can be increased through callus culture. This study aims to analyze the effect of the combination of plant growth regulator on the growth of Dayak bulb callus. The design of this study used a completely randomized factorial design with 2 factors. The first factor is the concentration of auxin. While the second factor is the concentration of kinetin. The parameters observed include the percentage of callus, the time of callus formation, fresh weight, dry weight, and callus morphology. In this study, a callus growth curve was also made to determine the best harvest time. The results showed that highest callus fresh weight was obtained in the P3K1 treatment. The percentage of callus formation in the picloram + kinetin treatment was higher than in the 2,4-D + kinetin treatment. The time of callus formation occurred in the combination of picloram + kinetin faster than the 2.4-D + kinetin treatment. The callus color is diverse, while the texture of the entire callus is compact. The best callus induction medium for Dayak onion bulbs is to use picloram 2-4 ppm + kinetin0.025-0.5 ppm. The results of this study provide optimal growth regulatory information for the induction of dayak onion callus that has never been reported before. This information can be the basis for the development of methods of production of bioactive compounds from dayak onions through callus culture.

Effect of Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) on Biomass and Flavonoid Production of Talinum paniculatum Callus Culture

“…The addition of kinetin at various concentrations caused callus texture to become compact and intermediate. These results showed that different types and concentrations of growth regulators http://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/biodjati could cause variation in callus texture, as reported by Habibah et al(2023). However, Sari et al(2018) stated that increasing the concentration of 2,4-D and kinetin produced friable callus.…”

“…These results showed that the addition of 2,4-D and kinetin at higher concentrations of 2 mg/L caused callus to turn brownish-yellow. Similarly, (Habibah et al(2023) and Harahap et al(2020) reported brownish-white to yellow callus from MS media supplemented with the increasing concentration of 2,4-D and kinetin. Mahadi and Sari (2016) stated that the addition of cytokinin into MS media played an important role in the transportation of nutrients, which was capable of causing the lignification process to produce a harder and more compact texture.…”

“…Subsequently, dried callus was weighed and recorded as biomass of callus (DW), followed by morphology observation using a stereo microscope with 40x magnification (Wijaya et al, 2020). The identification of callus texture (friable and compact) and color (white, green, yellow, and black) was based on Noor Aini Habibah et al(2023) and Sari et al(2018).…”

“…In this process, kinetin plays a role in stimulating the formation of chlorophyll, while auxin inhibits chlorophyll. The brown color showed the accumulation and oxidation of phenolic compounds in callus (Habibah et al, 2023;Sari et al, 2018). According to Harahap et al(2020), the ideal callus color is greenish white, showing the presence of chlorophyll pigment and active division, while brownish has bad quality.…”

The Effect of Callus Age on Biomass and Flavonoid Production in Talinum paniculatum In Vitro Culture

“…The purpose of callus production in this research is to produce secondary metabolite compounds, while the ideal callus for secondary metabolite production is callus with a compact structure. According to Habibah et al (2023), the compact callus texture is characterized by a dense arrangement of cells, the form of a solid bulge, and less water content, which contributes to its firm structure. The difference in callus texture has a different ability to produce metabolite compounds.…”