Callus induction and regeneration in Wolffia arrhiza (L.) Horkel ex Wimm

Callus induction and frond regeneration in Spirodela polyrhiza

“…Otherwise, 2% sorbitol was required for optimal callus growth of S. punctata, while 1% sucrose supported callus growth of L. gibba var. Hurfeish, and 3% sucrose was critical for L. minor callus growth (Li et al 2004;Khvatkov et al 2015). Our results confirmed that CGM with 1% sorbitol supported the long-term growth of S. polyrhiza callus, but CGM containing 1% sucrose could gradually result in the mortality of the callus within 6 weeks.…”

“…S. oligorrhiza SP callus was successfully induced from 91-95% of the explants on CIM with 2% sorbitol plus 1% maltose; in the case of W. arrhiza, CIM containing 0.7% sorbitol plus 0.7% mannitol and 2.6% glucose supported callus induction; callus was induced at the rate of over 95% of the S. punctata explants on CIM with 1% sorbitol; frond explants were precultured for 2 weeks on CIM with 1% sucrose to induce callus formation in L. gibba var. Hurfeish (Li et al 2004;Khvatkov et al 2015). Our results proved that S. polyrhiza callus was induced from 92% of the explants on CIM containing 3% sucrose.…”

“…Hurfeish, L. minor and W. arrhiza, when sugar supplements and specific PGRs were critical determinants for callus induction, callus growth and frond regeneration (Li et al 2004;Cox et al 2006;Vunsh et al 2007;Rival et al 2008;Chhabra et al 2011;Nguyen et al 2012;Khvatkov et al 2015).…”

“…It was reported that requirements for sugars for callus induction in duckweed were species-specific (Li et al 2004;Khvatkov et al 2015). S. oligorrhiza SP callus was successfully induced from 91-95% of the explants on CIM with 2% sorbitol plus 1% maltose; in the case of W. arrhiza, CIM containing 0.7% sorbitol plus 0.7% mannitol and 2.6% glucose supported callus induction; callus was induced at the rate of over 95% of the S. punctata explants on CIM with 1% sorbitol; frond explants were precultured for 2 weeks on CIM with 1% sucrose to induce callus formation in L. gibba var.…”

“…The commercial application of Lemnaceae for a plant expression system requires an efficient callus induction, plant regeneration and genetic transformation technology (Chhabra et al 2011;Nguyen et al 2012). Due to the limitation of the genus Lemna, among the 38 species of Lemnaceae, a frond regeneration system from callus has so far been established in L. gibba, L. minor, L. perpusilla, S. oligorrhiza and W. arrhiza (Li et al 2004;Cox et al 2006;Vunsh et al 2007;Rival et al 2008;Chhabra et al 2011;Nguyen et al 2012;Khvatkov et al 2015).…”