Caloric Restriction Curtails Tumor Infiltrating Regulatory T Cells and Enhances Effector T Cell Activity after Radiation Therapy

Manukian, Gregor; Simone, Brittany A.; DeAngelis, Tiziana; Kivolowitz, Charles; Ko, Kevin; Simone, Nicole L.

doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.185

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…CR has also been found to enhance the immunogenic effect of RT through the downregulation of regulatory T-cells [ 18 ]. While cellular senescence has a strong correlation with the prevalence of the tumor immune response, CR could potentially help to modulate this.…”

Section: Dietary Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The benefits of CR in the context of cancer prevention and treatment have been documented for well over a century, with Moreschi first describing that the tumors that were transplanted into the underfed mice did not grow as well as those that were transplanted in the mice that were fed ad libitum (AL) in 1909 [ 17 ]. This deficit in caloric intake is generally set between 20% and 40% of the energy consumption from an organism’s initial average intake [ 18 , 19 , 20 ]. A lower caloric threshold of CR must be defined to prevent the occurrence of under-nutrition or malnutrition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary Interventions in Cancer Treatment and Response: A Comprehensive Review

Mercier

Tizpa

Philip

et al. 2022

Cancers

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Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are first-line treatments in the management of advanced solid tumors. Whereas these treatments are directed at eliminating cancer cells, they cause significant adverse effects that can be detrimental to a patient’s quality of life and even life-threatening. Diet is a modifiable risk factor that has been shown to affect cancer risk, recurrence, and treatment toxicity, but little information is known how diet interacts with cancer treatment modalities. Although dietary interventions, such as intermittent fasting and ketogenic diets, have shown promise in pre-clinical studies by reducing the toxicity and increasing the efficacy of chemotherapeutics, there remains a limited number of clinical studies in this space. This review surveys the impact of dietary interventions (caloric restriction, intermittent and short-term fasting, and ketogenic diet) on cancer treatment outcomes in both pre-clinical and clinical studies. Early studies support a complementary role for these dietary interventions in improving patient quality of life across multiple cancer types by reducing toxicity and perhaps a benefit in treatment efficacy. Larger, phase III, randomized clinical trials are ultimately necessary to evaluate the efficacy of these dietary interventions in improving oncologic or quality of life outcomes for patients that are undergoing chemotherapy or radiotherapy.

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Section: Dietary Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Interventions in Cancer Treatment and Response: A Comprehensive Review

Mercier

Tizpa

Philip

et al. 2022

Cancers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Caloric Restriction Diet Attenuates Systemic Bone Fragility after Radiotherapy

Stering,

Biggs,

Carney

et al. 2024

Radiation Research

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Bone fragility is a well-documented long-term side effect of radiotherapy, which currently has no preventative treatments. In this study, we applied a caloric restriction (CR) diet to attenuate both local and systemic bone loss after irradiation (RTx) in an established female Balb/c mouse model (4 consecutive daily doses of 5 Gy to the right hindlimb only). CR mice were tapered down to a 30% reduced calorie diet (RTx/CR) one week before irradiation, while regular diet (RD) mice received food ad libitum (RTx/RD). Unirradiated (sham) mice received either a 30% CR diet (SH/CR) or received food ad libitum (SH/RD). Irradiated, contralateral, and unirradiated hindlimbs were evaluated at 2, 4, and 8 weeks postirradiation using micro-computed tomography (μCT) to assess bone morphology and 3-point bending to quantify femur strength. Histological analysis of irradiated and unirradiated tibiae was performed to examine general bone tissue cytology and serum biomarker analysis was performed using terminal blood draw samples. After treatment, femur strength and metaphyseal bone quantity was decreased in irradiated and contralateral femora of RTx/RD mice compared to SH/RD femurs; this finding is consistent with previous studies. RTx/CR mice had positive effects when compared to RTx/RD mice, including increased strength relative to body mass in both the irradiated and contralateral limb, increased trabecular bone mass, and decreased marrow adiposity. However, a number of adverse effects were also observed, including a significant decrease in body mass and decreased cortical bone. Overall, CR shows promise as a preventative treatment for postirradiated bone fragility, yet questions remain to be addressed in future studies. Ideal diet duration, impact to normal tissue, and mechanism of action must be explored to better understand the clinical implication of a CR diet.

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Caloric Restriction Curtails Tumor Infiltrating Regulatory T Cells and Enhances Effector T Cell Activity after Radiation Therapy

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Dietary Interventions in Cancer Treatment and Response: A Comprehensive Review

Dietary Interventions in Cancer Treatment and Response: A Comprehensive Review

Caloric Restriction Diet Attenuates Systemic Bone Fragility after Radiotherapy

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