Calorie intake, olive oil consumption and mammographic density among Spanish women

Abstract

High mammographic density (MD) is one of the main risk factors for development of breast cancer. To date, however, relatively few studies have evaluated the association between MD and diet. In this cross-sectional study, we assessed the association between MD (measured using Boyd's semiquantitative scale with five categories: <10%, 10–25%, 25–50%, 50–75% and >75%) and diet (measured using a food frequency questionnaire validated in a Spanish population) among 3,548 peri- and postmenopausal women drawn from seven breast cancer screening programs in Spain. Multivariate ordinal logistic regression models, adjusted for age, body mass index (BMI), energy intake and protein consumption as well as other confounders, showed an association between greater calorie intake and greater MD [odds ratio (OR) = 1.23; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.10-1.38, for every increase of 500 cal/day], yet high consumption of olive oil was nevertheless found to reduce the prevalence of high MD (OR = 0.86;95% CI = 0.76-0.96, for every increase of 22 g/day in olive oil consumption); and, while greater intake of whole milk was likewise associated with higher MD (OR = 1.10; 95%CI 1.00-1.20, for every increase of 200 g/day), higher consumption of protein (OR = 0.89; 95% CI 0.80-1.00, for every increase of 30 g/day) and white meat (p for trend 0.041) was found to be inversely associated with MD. Our study, the largest to date to assess the association between diet and MD, suggests that MD is associated with modifiable dietary factors, such as calorie intake and olive oil consumption. These foods could thus modulate the prevalence of high MD, and important risk marker for breast cancer.

Overeating, caloric restriction and mammographic density in Spanish women. DDM-Spain study

“…Regarding its association with MD, there are previous studies that have detected a positive association between this phenotype and caloric intake [22][23][24], one of them based on the same participants of our study [22]. With respect to weight gain in adulthood, although previous studies have observed a positive relationship with MD, both in this same sample [6] and in others [7], other studies have described an inverse association [8].…”

Visual integration of objects and scenes increases recollection‐based responding despite differential MTL recruitment in young and older adults

“…For each condition, mean contrast values from each response type were correlated with behavioral performance (e.g., activation during hits was correlated with number of hits and activation during correct rejections correlated with number of correct rejections). A false discovery rate (FDR) adjustment was used to control false positive to < 5% (Benjamini & Hochberg, ; García‐Arenzana et al, ).…”

Mediterranean Oils and Fats, and Disease Risk

“…This observation, nevertheless, is supported by an experimental model showing that the olive oil phytochemical oleuropein is more cytotoxic for basal-like ER-MDA-MB-231 cells than for luminal ER+ MCF-7 cells [ 33 ]. In addition, a recent large cross-sectional multicenter Spanish study suggested that olive oil could reduce mammographic density, a risk factor for breast cancer, even though calorie intake was associated with an increase in mammographic density [ 34 ].…”