Calorimetry and monte carlo analysis of the interaction between a uranium target and an intermediate-energy proton beam

Belyakov-Bodin, V.I.; Dubinskii, V. D.; Kazaritskii, V. D.; Stepanov, N.V.; Povarov, A.L.; Chuvilo, I.V.; Sherstnev, V. A.; Ado, Yu.M.

doi:10.1007/bf01124516

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“…2-4). The optimal energy of a proton beam from the standpoint of minimal energy expenditures [8,9]; ---) calculation [18,19]. for the production of a single neutron using a lead target 20 cm in diameter and 60 cm long is E p~ 1 GeV, as one can see in Fig. 2b [21].…”

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Analysis of the main nuclear-physical characteristics of the interaction of proton beams with heavy metal targets

et al. 2008

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It is shown that the concept of relativistic heavy-nuclear energy is untenable. Using a large group of different experiments in the proton energy range 0. it is demonstrated that the high-energy hadron transport program SHIELD, which is based on modern nuclear models, has predictive power. The interaction of protons with energy ranging from 0.1 to 100 GeV with a simple model system target + blanket, containing heavy elements (lead, thorium, depleted and enriched uranium), is examined. The energy release, neutron production, and production of fissile isotopes in the system are calculated. It is found that for all values of the proton energy which are considered the useful yield of energy in weakly fissile media is inadequate (thorium, depleted uranium) and is completely absent in non-fissile media (lead). A blanket containing enriched uranium will be necessary in order to use the scheme for useful production of energy. In this variant, the optimal proton energy is 1-3 GeV, which corresponds to the conventional concept of electronuclear facilities whose main purpose is to transmute nuclear wastes and produce electricity at the same time.The concept of commercial production of energy using accelerators to accelerate heavy charged particles has been discussed since the beginning of the 1950s. According to this concept, a beam of protons or ions with sufficiently high energy should generate a large number of neutrons on interacting with a heavy target. Facilities which function according to this principle are said to be electronuclear facilities. The accelerator must be a high-current accelerator in order to produce more neutrons, and for this reason the target is a complicated technical system. An advantage of electronuclear facilities over conventional nuclear reactors is that there is no possibility of reactivity accidents.

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“…Many computational-theoretical investigations and numerous experiments studying neutron generation and energy production in heavy targets in proton beams are now being conducted. Examples are [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

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