Camel's Milk Protects Against Cadmium Chloride Induced Toxicity in White Albino Rats

Abstract

Problem statement:Cadmium is one of the most dangerous occupational and environmental toxins. It is found in drinking water, atmospheric air and even in food. Cadmium is reported to be very toxic to biological systems. Until now in treating intoxication with this metal, chelating Compounds have been used, burdened with numerous undesirable symptoms. For this reason, many researches are carried out in many countries to find natural-made compounds that help in the protection against cadmium induced toxicity with fewer or no side effects. This study was conducted to demonstrate the effect of daily oral Camel's milk administration against Cadmium chloride induced toxicity in white albino rats. Approach: White albino rats of both sexes (230-250 g) were housed in standard metal cages (6 rats/cage). The experimental rats (6 in each group) distributed into two experimental groups with a shared control group received only normal saline orally (Group 1). In experimental first group a daily dose (10 mg kg  1 body weight) of cadmium chloride was orally administrated to the rats for 21 days and named Cadmium chloride treated rats. In experimental second group, the same concentrations of cadmium chloride was dissolved in 2 mL of early morning fresh Camel's milk and the whole solution was administered into the experimental rats for 21 days and named Camel's milk cadmium chloride treated group. Water and food were provided ad libitum. Results: The data indicated that, in experimental Cadmium chloride treated rats, serum albumin, calcium and blood hemoglobin were decreased compared with control group received normal saline only. Moreover, Camel's milk administration with cadmium chloride showed a significant improvement of albumin, hemoglobin and calcium levels in the serum of the rats compared with cadmium chloride treated rats. Serum iron, sodium, chloride and urea levels were significantly increased in cadmium chloride treated rats compared with control group, while the addition of camel's milk to cadmium chloride decreased the high levels of these serum parameters in the treated rats. The enzyme activities of serum Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and serum Alkaline Phaospatase (ALP) were significantly increased by orally administration of cadmium chloride compared with control group, while adding Camel's milk to cadmium chloride decreased the high levels of these enzymes comparing with the cadmium chloride treated rats. Cadmium chloride administration resulted in a high concentration of lipid peroxidation markers; TBARS and Hydroperoxides in comparison to control group, adding camel's milk to the cadmium chloride restored the levels of these markers to their normal levels in comparing to Cadmium chloride treated rats. Also treatment with cadmium chloride alone caused a significant decrease in both the enzymatic and nonenzymatic markers of oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase and catalase) and reduced glutathione, respectively in the liver tissues of treated rats, while the admini...

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Effects of Cadmium Chloride and Sodium Selenite Alone or in Combination on the Liver of Male Sprague–Dawley Rats Assessed by Different Assays

“…In this study, Cd treated rats showed not only a significant increase in the MDA and LHP levels, but also a decrease in the activity of Catalase and glutathione and an increase in the production of oxygen reactive forms. These results support other reports where Cd was able to up-regulate oxidative stress marker such as MDA and decrease the activity of antioxidants such as GSH and Catalase [11,50]. The reduction in the lipid peroxidation as indicated by the normalization of MDA, LHP and liver antioxidants (GSH and CAT) in response to the co-administration of Se and Cd agreed well with other reports [51].…”

“…These complexes are inert and excreted via bile, so decreased GSH might have been due to its consumption during the Cd detoxification [54]. The catalase activities were decreased in the liver extracts of the Cd than the control rats which agreed with the earlier studies [50]. Inhibition of catalase after Cd treatment may be due to the depletion of Se in Cd detoxification.…”

“…The decreased level of MDA in the Cd+Se than the Cd group was also a strong evidence of the antagonistic role of sodium selenite. In this study the lower GSH in the liver extracts of Cd than the control group may have been due to its consumption by the scavenging free radicals generated by Cd [50,53]. Moreover, the sulfhydryl group of cysteine moiety of glutathione has a high affinity for metals, forming thermo dynamically stable mercaptide complexes with several metals, e.g.…”

Biochemical and histopathological study in rats intoxicated with carbontetrachloride and treated with camel milk

“…Antimicrobial activities of camel’s milk proteins were also investigated (El-Agamy et al 1992). In addition, camel’s milk has antitoxic effect against cadmium chloride (Al-Hashem et al 2009; Dallak 2009), CCl 4 (Khan and Alzohairy 2011), Cisplatin (Afifi 2010), Paracetamol (Al-Fartosi et al 2011), Aluminum chloride (Al-Hashem 2009). Although, Khan and Alzohairy (2011) studied the protective effect of camel’s milk against CCl 4 induced hepatotoxicity, biochemical parameters such as Kidney biomarkers and lipoprotein profiles were not fully investigated.…”

Camel milk and bee honey regulate profibrotic cytokine gene transcripts in liver cirrhosis induced by carbon tetrachloride

“…A significant increase in the serum albumin concentration was observed in the rats that received camel milk either alone or with bee honey compared with the CCl 4 -treated group. The increased albumin concentration after the camel milk and bee honey treatment could be attributed either to their nutritional values or to decreased lipid peroxidation and increased plasma protein thiol activities(Al-Fartosi et al 2012;Al-Hashem et al 2009b).…”