Camouflage and Stealth Technology Based on Nanomaterials

Kumar, Narendra; Dixit, Ambesh

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-29880-7_5

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Manufacturers use a blended color scheme because changing visual conditions prevent a single solid color from being appropriate for all scenarios. For example, manufacturers use two opposing patterns and color schemes for the upper and lower surfaces of the aircraft [43].…”

Section: Collision Avoidancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrating Electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing Aircraft into Public Airspace: A Scenario Study

Bridgelall,

White,

Tolliver

2023

Future Transportation

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The successful deployment of Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) requires the safe integration of electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft in non-segregated airspace. However, a lack of practical deployment demonstrations can slow the regulatory progress. This study presents a practical deployment framework for the integration of eVTOL aircraft into public airspace, in accordance with the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) special airworthiness criteria. This study focused on a corporate use case to provide a comprehensive scenario for enhancing intra-company mobility. The scenario supports early implementation and demonstration goals by removing reliance on air traffic management systems or air traffic controller separation services. The practical deployment framework included facility selection, route planning, terrain mapping, collision avoidance, aircraft selection, infrastructure requirements, vertiport placement, electric chargers, ground handling, operational staff, and cost estimates. Planners can use the framework as a template to inform the implementation of real-world AAM services using eVTOL aircraft.

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Section: Collision Avoidancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…2023, 3, FOR PEER REVIEW 9 all scenarios. For example, manufacturers use two opposing patterns and color schemes for the upper and lower surfaces of the aircraft [43].…”

Section: Infrastructure Needsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing Aircraft into Public Airspace: A Scenario Study

Bridgelall,

White,

Tolliver

2023

Future Transportation

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“…The nanotechnology plays a significant role in the development and creation of new cloaking devices on the nanoscale [ 52 ]. Moreover, optical cloaking plays an important role in an industry where the development of nanotechnology makes possible the design of novel camouflage systems and radar-absorbing surfaces for low-observable technologies [ 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 ]. In accordance with the state-of-the-art nanofabrication technology, controlling the flow of light along with their spatial mapping at the nanoscale in some cases is always not possible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Directional Cloak Design by All-Dielectric Unit-Cell Optimized Structure

et al. 2022

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In this manuscript, we demonstrate the design and experimental proof of an optical cloaking structure that multi-directionally conceals a perfectly electric conductor (PEC) object from an incident plane wave. The dielectric modulation around the highly reflective scattering PEC object is determined by an optimization process for multi-directional cloaking purposes. Additionally, to obtain the multi-directional effect of the cloaking structure, an optimized slice is mirror symmetrized through a radial perimeter. The three-dimensional (3D) finite-difference time-domain method is integrated with genetic optimization to achieve a cloaking design. In order to overcome the technological problems of the corresponding devices in the optical range and to experimentally demonstrate the proposed concept, our experiments were carried out on a scale model in the microwave range. The scaled proof-of-concept of the proposed structure is fabricated by 3D printing of polylactide material, and the brass metallic alloy is used as a perfect electrical conductor for microwave experiments. A good agreement between numerical and experimental results is achieved. The proposed design approach is not restricted only to multi-directional optical cloaking but can also be applied to different cloaking scenarios dealing with electromagnetic waves at nanoscales as well as other types such as acoustic waves. Using nanotechnology, our scale proof-of-concept research will take the next step toward the creation of “optical cloaking” devices.

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“…Therefore, it is essential to realize these processes within the biomimetic materials to simulate the reflection characteristics of the leaves. Based on this principle, pioneers have developed various materials attempting to realize camouflage in the solar spectrum band [8,9]. Zhang et al prepared a biomimetic fiber cloth containing composite pigments to simulate the absorption and scattering processes of leaves in the range from 400 to 1300 nm [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and optimization of biomimetic materials simulating solar spectrum reflection characteristics of natural leaves

2020

J Mater Sci

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Solar spectrum reflection characteristics of natural leaves are caused by the absorption and scattering processes of incident radiation in the leaves. To realize hyperspectral camouflage in the background of vegetation, two types of biomimetic materials are prepared. One type utilizes Cr 2 O 3 particles to simultaneously simulate the absorption characteristics in the visible light band and the scattering characteristics in the solar spectrum band and is named as COG-BM. The other type contains chlorophyll and TiO 2 particles to simulate the absorption and scattering characteristics in the above two bands, respectively, and is named as CH/TD-BM. The measured results show that both can simulate the solar spectrum reflection characteristics of the leaves approximately. In order to optimize the bionic performance, the reflectance predicting model was constructed with Lorenz-Mie scattering and four-flux theories. The simulation results show that with the increase in particle volume fraction, the reflectance of COG-BM in the visible light band is maintained at almost the same level as that of the leaves because of the simultaneous increase in absorption and scattering coefficients. Nevertheless, the reflectance of CH/TD-BM increases significantly, because the absorption coefficient of CH/TD-BM is constant with the increase in the particle volume fraction, and the scattering coefficient enhances remarkably. More interestingly, with the increase in particle size, the near-infrared plateau of COG-BM and CH/TD-BM is closer to horizontal, exhibiting greater similarity to the natural leaves. Moreover, the water absorption characteristics at 1450 and 1940 nm become more significant with the increase in water content.

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Camouflage and Stealth Technology Based on Nanomaterials

Cited by 6 publications

References 31 publications

Integrating Electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing Aircraft into Public Airspace: A Scenario Study

Integrating Electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing Aircraft into Public Airspace: A Scenario Study

Multi-Directional Cloak Design by All-Dielectric Unit-Cell Optimized Structure

Preparation and optimization of biomimetic materials simulating solar spectrum reflection characteristics of natural leaves

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