Can Financial Support Reduce Suicide Mortality Rates?

Kato, Ryo; Okada, Motohiro

doi:10.3390/ijerph16234797

Cited by 26 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Therefore, to quantify the effects of the regional implementation amounts of 10 EFECBSC sub-divisions, unemployment rate and GDP per capita on regional EBSMR trends, adopted stepwise multiple regression analysis was used. 10 Stepwise multiple regression analysis with p values of 0.05 and 0.10 for respective entry and removal (SPSS for Windows, version 26, IBM, Armonk, NY, USA) was used to explore the effects of implementation amounts of 10 EFECBSC sub-divisions, regional trends of unemployment rate and GDP per capita on regional EBSMR trends of three groups: male, female and male plus female. The assumptions of multiple regression models were verified by normal P-P plot for standardised residual regression (SPSS for Windows, version 26).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14 EFECBSC enhanced regional welfare and social safety nets, and improved regional social protection vulnerability. 10 Therefore, these data in Japan suggest the possibility that financial support, such as EFECBSC, plays an important role in the reduction of suicide mortality via enhancement of regional welfare/social safety nets and the social protection system. Until recently, numerous public health studies reported that suicide mortality rates were increased by recessions and increasing unemployment rates.…”

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…North America and Asia. [5][6][7][8][9][10] Indeed, in Japan, following the collapse of the asset bubble in 1991 and the Asian economic crisis in 1997, both the unemployment rate and suicide mortality drastically increased in Japan (online supplementary appendix 1). 11 12 This Japanese public health crisis started to improve in 2009.…”

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, we hypothesised that suicide mortality has gender-specific and age-specific sensitivities to unemployment rate, GDP per capita and EFECBSC, based on previous findings about the impacts of macroeconomic factors and governmental financial support on suicide mortality. [5][6][7][8][9][10] Therefore, to develop a more cost-effective, evidence-based regional suicide mortality prevention programme, in this study, we analyse the impacts of prefecture-disaggregated unemployment rate, GDP per capita and the regional (prefectural/municipal) implementation amount of EFECBSC to 10 sub-divisions on gender and age disaggregated suicide mortalities between 2009 and 2018 when national suicide mortality has been decreasing.…”

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Suicide mortality and population data for all 47 Japanese prefectures were obtained by using the same methods as in our previous study. 10 Age, gender and prefecture disaggregated suicide mortalities of all 47 prefectures between 2009 and 2018 were obtained from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) and from the Statistics Bureau of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (SBMIAC) of Japan. 12 20 Annual age, gender and prefecture disaggregated suicide mortalities were derived from basic regional suicide data (MHLW), and population exposure (denominator) was obtained from the basic resident register (SBMIAC).…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysing regional unemployment rates, GDP per capita and financial support for regional suicide prevention programme on suicide mortality in Japan using governmental statistical data

et al. 2020

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ObjectivesTo explore the mechanisms of reduced suicide mortality in Japan, which decreased from 25.7 to 16.5 per 100 000 people following the comprehensive suicide prevention programme from 2009 to 2018, the present study determined the relationship between regional suicide mortality, socioeconomic data (GDP per capita, unemployment rates) and financial support for regional suicide prevention programmes.Design and settingStepwise multiple regression analysis was used to determine the effects of regional GDP per capita, unemployment rates and implementation amount of financial support for regional suicide prevention programmes (Emergency Fund to Enhance Community-Based Suicide Countermeasures—EFECBSC) on age and gender disaggregated suicide mortalities in Japan between 2009 and 2018. Data on each prefecture’s complete unemployment rates, GDP per capita and implementation amount of EFECBSC sub-divisions were derived from an official Japanese governmental database.ResultsBoth prefectural enlightenment and intervention model programmes were found to lead to a decrease in male suicide mortality, but were less effective in reducing female suicide mortality. Municipal enlightenment and intervention model programmes were also less effective in reducing suicide mortality. Municipal development programmes for listener and leader led to a greater decrease in suicide mortality for both men and women compared with such programmes at the prefectural level. Contrary to our expectations, reduced complete unemployment rate only reduced suicide mortality in the older male population without affecting female suicide mortality.ConclusionThe study findings suggest an inverse relationship between financial support and suicide mortality in Japan. Furthermore, independent factors in the reduction of suicide mortality rates provide important information for planning evidence-based and cost-effective regional suicide prevention programmes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysing regional unemployment rates, GDP per capita and financial support for regional suicide prevention programme on suicide mortality in Japan using governmental statistical data

et al. 2020

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Suicidal Mortality and Motives Among Middle-School, High-School, and University Students

Okada,

Matsumoto,

Shiroyama

et al. 2023

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceThe suicide mortality rate per 100 000 population (SMRP) consistently decreased before the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak in Japan and then unexpectedly increased during the pandemic. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.ObjectiveTo identify trends in and factors associated with suicidal mortality and motives among students in Japan from 2007 to 2022.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this cross-sectional study, data on SMRPs among Japanese middle-school, high-school, and university students were obtained from the government suicide database Suicide Statistics of the National Police Agency.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAge-dependent and temporal fluctuations in annual SMRPs, disaggregated by suicidal motive (7 categories and 52 subcategories), sex, and school, were analyzed using linear mixed-effect and joinpoint regression models, respectively.ResultsTotal suicide numbers from 2007 to 2022 were as follows: 760 male middle-school students, 635 female middle-school students, 2376 male high-school students, 1566 female high-school students, 5179 male university students, and 1880 female university students. The mean (SD) student populations from 2007 to 2022 were as follows: 1 752 737 (81 334) male middle-school students, 1 675 572 (78 824) female middle-school students, 1 648 274 (67 520) male high-school students, 1 614 828 (60 032) female high-school students, 1 652 689 (32 724) male university students, and 1 229 142 (57 484) female university students. Among male students, the leading motives were school-related factors (underachievement and worrying about the future), followed by family-related and health-related motives. Among female students, school-related and family-related motives decreased, but health-related motives showed an age-dependent increase. The SMRPs of middle-school male students and female students were almost equal (mean [SD], 2.7 [1.0] vs 2.4 [1.4]), but the age-dependent increase in SMRPs among male students was pronounced (mean [SD], high-school vs university male students, 9.1 [2.4] vs 19.6 [3.0]; high-school vs university female students, 6.1 [2.4] vs 9.6 [1.8]). However, the incidence of suicide among high-school students associated with health-related motives was greater in female students. The majority of suicides associated with major impactable suicidal motives (school-related, health-related, and family-related motives) began increasing before the pandemic. Changes in SMRP associated with interpersonal relationships, such as conflict with classmates or parents, were not significant, but the rates increased greatly during the pandemic.Conclusions and RelevanceSchool-related, health-related, and family-related problems were major motives, whereas the impacts of health-related and family-related motives increased and decreased with age, respectively. Notably, most SMRPs associated with major impactable motives (underachievement, conflict with a parent or classmate, and mental illnesses) had already begun increasing in the late 2010s, indicating that recent increasing SMRPs among school-aged individuals were associated with pandemic-related factors and other factors affecting this generation before the pandemic. It may be inappropriate to uniformly apply research findings based on school-aged individuals to school-based suicide prevention programs for students in middle school, high school, and university.

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Suicide mortality rates in Japan before and beyond the COVID‐19 pandemic era

Okada,

Matsumoto,

Motomura

2024

PCN Reports

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Statistical analyses from Japan reported increasing suicides in 2020, first in the world, proving the severity of the public health crisis during the COVID‐19 pandemic; however, so far, international suicides have not been shown to be objectively increasing at population level. Followed studies reported the existence of a substantial heterogeneity of suicides among subgroups and time‐lag impacts. Against public health crisis in Japan, policymakers, psychiatrists and public health personnel should prioritize improving suicide prevention programs following evidence‐based policymaking. Understanding how/what factors relate to the COVID‐19 pandemic and what other factors have shaped the increasing suicide numbers since 2020 through objectively well‐controlled/fine‐grained analyses of high‐quality longitudinal/cross‐sectional data at the individual, regional, and national levels is important for identifying the reasons for the recent trend. For this purpose, this study examined suicide statistics, statistical analysis methods, and their interpretations. Recent analyses suggest an increased suicide risk among females <50 years and males <30 years in 2020–2022. Notably, time‐series analyses revealed that adolescent suicides began increasing before the pandemic, while working‐age female suicides sharply increased synchronously with the pandemic outbreak. Causality analyses suggest that social issues facing Japan and recent global psychosocial and socioeconomic transformations are risk factors for suicide in high‐risk groups. Finally, this report demonstrates the importance of providing appropriate support based on an objective understanding of individuals who are at risk for suicide, without being bound by traditional established knowledges.

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Can Financial Support Reduce Suicide Mortality Rates?

Cited by 26 publications

References 19 publications

Analysing regional unemployment rates, GDP per capita and financial support for regional suicide prevention programme on suicide mortality in Japan using governmental statistical data

Analysing regional unemployment rates, GDP per capita and financial support for regional suicide prevention programme on suicide mortality in Japan using governmental statistical data

Suicidal Mortality and Motives Among Middle-School, High-School, and University Students

Suicide mortality rates in Japan before and beyond the COVID‐19 pandemic era

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