“Can Intelligence Make You Happy?” The Influence of Tourists’ Cultural Sustainability and Intelligence on Their Flow Experience

Abstract

Chinese culture has been developed over five thousand years, and the ways in which to retain its sustainable development and maintain its rich spiritual treasures are critical issues. In order to address this critical issue, this study examines whether cultural intelligence can promote positive emotions and a flow experience. The results from 509 valid samples reveal that cultural intelligence contributes to a flow experience through a path of “perception–enjoyment–flow”. Cultural experience, perceived aesthetics, perceived authenticity and the awakening of enjoyment are effective conduction factors in the process. Furthermore, this study confirms that creative performance has a positive moderating effect on the relationship between cultural intelligence and cultural experience, perceived aesthetics, and perceived authenticity. The findings clarify the links of the influence of cultural intelligence on tourists’ flow experience, and expand the theoretical framework for research on flow experience and the scope of the application of flow theory.

Influence of cultural background on tourist flow process and outcomes: an empirical study with Chinese-speaking tourists in Japan

“…Nevertheless, quantitative analysis revealed a positive correlation between flow state and outcomes for both groups of regions, which matches previous studies with Western people (da Silva deMatos et al , 2021) and Eastern people (Liu et al , 2019; Wei et al , 2021; Wu and Lai, 2022; Yang et al , 2022). We consider this to be because the cultural values of young Chinese have accepted more or less Western values, such as individualism (Li and Lu, 2016).…”

“…We confirmed their findings from many studies, e.g. one dimension (Huang et al, 2017;Lin et al, 2021;Wang et al, 2020;Wu and Lai, 2022); two dimensions (Liu et al, 2020); three dimensions (Gao et al, 2017;Karasakal and Albayrak, 2022;Yang et al, 2022); and four dimensions (Wei et al, 2021).…”

“…We confirmed their findings from many studies, e.g. one dimension (Huang et al , 2017; Lin et al , 2021; Wang et al , 2020; Wu and Lai, 2022); two dimensions (Liu et al , 2020); three dimensions (Gao et al , 2017; Karasakal and Albayrak, 2022; Yang et al , 2022); and four dimensions (Wei et al , 2021). On the over challenge issue in the high-challenge (photo shooting) tours. The average value of the flow state in the GPHOTO group was slightly lower than that in the GNOPHOTO group (4.6309 < 4.7545, calculated from Table 3), whereas the average value of outcomes in the GPHOTO group was significantly higher than that in the GNOPHOTO group (4.7038 > 4.4883, calculated from Table 5).…”

“…Liu et al (2019) verified that flow experiences have a positive impact on place attachment in Taiwan’s night markets. Wei et al (2021) found that cultural intelligence contributes to flow experiences via online and offline surveys at multiple cultural and creative tourist destinations in Taiwan using a four-dimensional flow scale. On the other hand, Wu and Lai (2022) used flow theory to study virtual tours for promoting mountain walking tourism in three cities in China.…”

An extended stimulus-organism-response model of Hanfu experience in cultural heritage tourism

“…For example, Scaglione and Mendola (2017) stated that tourists’ perceived value in rural tourism is comprised of functional value, convenience value, emotional value, social value, and educational value. Heritage tourism sites possess a number of culturally significant characteristics that may represent the local population's lifestyles and cultural features (Wei et al, 2021a), and culture can affect various aspects of tourists’ behavior (Huang and Wen, 2021). Under the context of cultural heritage tourism, moreover, this study adopts three dimensions of perceived value (i.e., social value, emotional value, and cultural value) in order to encompass its broad aspects.…”