Can microRNA become next-generation tools in molecular diagnostics and therapeutics? A systematic review

Abstract

Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent a novel class of single-stranded RNA molecules of 18–22 nucleotides that serve as powerful tools in the regulation of gene expression. They are important regulatory molecules in several biological processes. Main body Alteration in the expression profiles of miRNAs have been found in several diseases. It is anticipated that miRNA expression profiling can become a novel diagnostic tool in the future. Hence, this review evaluates the implications of miRNAs in various diseases and the recent advances in miRNA expression level detection and their target identification. A systematic approach to review existing literature available on databases such as Medline, PubMed, and EMBASE was conducted to have a better understanding of mechanisms mediating miRNA-dependent gene regulation and their role as diagnostic markers and therapeutic agents. Conclusion A clear understanding of the complex multilevel regulation of miRNA expression is a prerequisite to explicate the origin of a wide variety of diseases. It is understandable that miRNAs offer potential targets both in diagnostics and therapeutics of a multitude of diseases. The inclusion of specific miRNA expression profiles as biomarkers may lead to crucial advancements in facilitating disease diagnosis and classification, monitoring its prognosis, and treatment. However, standardization of methods has a pivotal role in the success of extensive use of miRNA expression profiling in routine clinical settings.

Mir-140 and Mir-34a as Molecular Markers for Apoptotic Brain in Sunset Yellow and Carmoisine Intoxicated Mice

“…45 Neurotransmitters are category of biological messengers between cells synchronizing countless body concerning processes [52]. In present study, there is a significant decrease in Serotonin and dopamine that comes in accordance with several previous experiments revealed the negative effect of the synthetic food colorants on the hormone balance in the experimental animals [53,54] miRNA expression provides a great progression in diagnosis, monitoring as well as clarifying the underlining mechanism for numerous diseases alterations; leading to the improvement of innovative diagnostic and therapeutic prospects [55]. The intracellular process for inactivation of ROS is important for maintaining physiologic redox equilibrium by regulating the production and activity of several cellular anti-oxidative defence components, and hence plays a key role in oxidative stress development.…”

A Brief Review on the Regulatory Roles of MicroRNAs in Cystic Diseases and Their Use as Potential Biomarkers

“…Nonetheless, a rising number of studies have indicated that subsets of miRNAs can be utilized as biomarkers in various disorders [ 76 ], and the list of miRNAs that could be employed as biomarkers is extensive [ 77 ]. In this sense, many clinical trials have been completed or are currently being conducted to test new miRNA-based diagnostic and prognostic panels [ 78 ].…”

Contemporary non-invasive methods for the diagnosis of early cardiac dysfunction in young patients with beta-thalassemia major

“…МиРНК-1 е една от първите микроРНКи, за която е установено, че регулира фундаментални аспекти от сърдечните функции и преди всичко процесите на кардиогенеза и патологично ремоделиране. Поради широкото ѝ разпространение в сърдечната тъкан при състояние на увреда (като остър инфаркт), експресията на тази специфична МиРНКа в кръвния серум нараства [41] На теория микроРНКите притежават много от спецификите, необходими за идеалния биомаркеррегулатори са на редица патологични процеси, широко разпространени са в биологичните течности, като кръвна плазма, слюнка, урина, цереброспинална течност и др., притежават стабилност и устойчивост [45]. Проучванията върху тях на този етап са все още в сферата на научните изследвания, вкл.…”