Can music influence cardiac autonomic system? A systematic review and narrative synthesis to evaluate its impact on heart rate variability

Mojtabavi, Helia; Saghazadeh, Amene; Valenti, Vítor Engrácia; Rezaei, Nima

doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101162

Cited by 58 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Despite including a sample of medically ill subjects, the study showed similar results, finding that music attenuated the neuroendocrine cortisol stress response [31]. Mojtabavi, et al [32] demonstrated similar results in music"s effect on cardiac autonomic function but focused almost exclusively on heart rate [32]. A review by Fancourt, et al [33] cited Cortisol as the most common biomarker investigated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Music and Biomarkers of Stress: A Systematic Review

Ishak¹,

Herrera²,

Halbert³

et al. 2020

IJHMS

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Objective: The purpose of this paper is to review literature on music and biomarkers of stress in order to (1) Identify music interventions and (2) Detail the biomarkers of stress associated with music. Methods: PRISMA guidelines were followed in performing this systematic review. Studies published from January 1995 to January 2020 that pertain to biomarkers of stress and music were identified through the use of the PubMed database, using the keywords: ‘music’ AND ‘biomarker’ OR ‘marker’ OR ‘hormone’. Two authors independently conducted a focused analysis and reached a final consensus on 16 studies that met the specific selection criteria and passed the study quality checks. Results: The reviewed studies were all randomized controlled trials. Reviewed music interventions included Music Listening (ML), Meditational Music (MM), ‘Guided Imagery and Music’ (GIM), and Singing. The studies showed that music is associated with a decreasing trend in cortisol, salivary α-amylase, heart rate, and blood pressure, as well as an increasing trend in Immunoglobulin A (IgA), oxytocin, and EEG theta wave, while testosterone was associated with sex-related differences. Conclusion: Music is associated with significant changes in biomarkers of stress, suggesting that it could be utilized for the development of stress reduction tools.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Music and Biomarkers of Stress: A Systematic Review

Ishak¹,

Herrera²,

Halbert³

et al. 2020

IJHMS

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“…In the same way, HRV has also been employed to assess the effects of sound and music on the heart [ 18 ], where research on this topic has gained importance in the recent time since it makes it possible to understand and take advantage of the music benefits [ [19] , [20] ], as the decreasing in the heart rate and in the systolic and diastolic blood pressure [ 21 ]. Thus, music has been studied from several perspectives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides a lot of applications of the ECG and HRV in the clinical domain and research, they have been used to analyse how music with different emotional character affects the heart [ [29] , [30] , [31] ], and some of these studies have been carried out with both musicians [ 32 ] as non-musicians [ 29 ]. Although the effects of music on heart behaviour have been studied, research has not established the best way of audio stimulation [ 18 ] and because until now it is still unclear which musical element is related to the observed changes, it is required to develop systematic high-quality research on the effects of music on the heart [ 33 ]. In this aspect, most of the previous research has focused on the effects produced by the tempo of music [ [34] , [35] , [36] ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Judgement of valence of musical sounds by hand and by heart, a machine learning paradigm for reading the heart

Idrobo-Ávila

Correa

Muñoz-Bolaños

et al. 2021

Heliyon

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The intention of the experiment is to investigate whether different sounds have influence on heart signal features in the situation the observer is judging the different sounds as positive or negative. As the heart is under (para)sympathetic control of the nervous system this experiment could give information about the processing of sound stimuli beyond the conscious processing of the subject. As the nature of the influence on the heart signal is not known these signals are to be analysed with AI/machine learning techniques. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a variable derived from the R-R interval peaks of electrocardiogram which exposes the interplay between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. In addition to its uses as a diagnostic tool and an active part in the clinic and research domain, the HRV has been used to study the effects of sound and music on the heart response; among others, it was observed that heart rate is higher in response to exciting music compared with tranquilizing music while heart rate variability and its low-frequency and high-frequency power are reduced. Nevertheless, it is still unclear which musical element is related to the observed changes. Thus, this study assesses the effects of harmonic intervals and noise stimuli on the heart response by using machine learning. The results show that noises and harmonic intervals change heart activity in a distinct way; e.g., the ratio between the axis of the ellipse fitted in the Poincaré plot increased between harmonic intervals and noise exposition. Moreover, the frequency content of the stimuli produces different heart responses, both with noise and harmonic intervals. In the case of harmonic intervals, it is also interesting to note how the effect of consonance quality could be found in the heart response.

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“…Music not only has benefits that are psychological but physiological as well. It can regulate stress mechanism, sleep wake cycle, improve cognitive skills, beneficially effect the blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), respiration rate (RR), body temperature, and biochemical parameters as well as sensitivity to pain (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17). Music literature as well as past studies have shown that specific ragas elicit distinct emotions / rasas (18)(19)(20)(21)(22).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent systematic review also concluded that music does have positive effects on autonomic nervous system (12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute effects of passive listening to Indian musical scale on blood pressure and heart rate variability among healthy young individuals – a randomized controlled trial

Vijayadas

Kunnavil

et al. 2020

Preprint

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51Background: 52 Listening to music is entertaining but also has different health benefits. Music medicine 53 involves passive listening to music, while music therapy involves active music making. Indian 54 music is broadly classified into Hindustani and Carnatic music, each having their own system 55 of musical scales (ragas). Scientific studies of Indian music as an intervention is meagre. 56Current study determines the effect of passive listening to one melodic scale of Indian music 57 on cardiovascular electrophysiological parameters. 58 Methods: After informed consent, healthy individuals aged 18 -30 years, of either gender 59were recruited and randomly divided into 2 groups (n=34 each). Group A was exposed to 60 passive listening to the music intervention [Hindustani melodic scale elaboration (Bhimpalas 61 raga alaap)], while group B received no intervention except for few natural sounds (played 62 once in every 2 minutes). Blood pressure (BP, systolic -SBP; diastolic -DBP) and 63 Electrocardiogram in lead II were recorded with each condition lasting for 10 minutes (pre, 64 during, post). Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis was done. Data was analysed using SPSS 65 20.0 version and p<0.05 was considered significant. 66 Results: 67 Passive listening to the musical scale employed had a unique effect. In group A, the 68 SBP did not change during the intervention but increased insignificantly after the intervention 69 was stopped (P=0.054). The DBP increased in both the groups during intervention and was 70 significant among subjects in group A (P=0.009), with an increase of 1.676 mm Hg (P=0.012) 71 from pre-during and 1.824 mm Hg (P=0.026) from pre-post intervention. On HRV analysis 72 mean NN interval increased and HR reduced in both the groups, but was significant only in 73 group B (P=0.041 and 0.025 respectively). In group A, most of HRV parameters reduced 74 during music intervention, and tended to return towards baseline after intervention, but was 75 statistically significant for Total Power (P=0.031) and Low Frequency (P=0.013) change; while 76 in group B a consistent significant rise in parasympathetic indicators [SDNN, RMSSD, Total 77 power and HF (ms 2 )] over 30 minutes was observed.78 Conclusion: 79 Unique cardiovascular effects were recorded on passive listening to a particular Indian 80 music melodic scale, raga Bhimpalas, wherein, a mild arousal response, was observed. This 81 4could be due to attention being paid to the melodic scale as it was an unfamiliar tune or due to 82 certain notes of this melodic scale, that particularly caused an arousal or excitation response. 83In contrast, the control group had only relaxation response. Exploring electrophysiological 84 effects of different genres, melodic scales and its properties after familiarizing with the music 85 may be illustrative. 86

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Can music influence cardiac autonomic system? A systematic review and narrative synthesis to evaluate its impact on heart rate variability

Cited by 58 publications

References 40 publications

Music and Biomarkers of Stress: A Systematic Review

Music and Biomarkers of Stress: A Systematic Review

Judgement of valence of musical sounds by hand and by heart, a machine learning paradigm for reading the heart

Acute effects of passive listening to Indian musical scale on blood pressure and heart rate variability among healthy young individuals – a randomized controlled trial

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