Can noncontact mapping distinguish between endo- and epicardial foci?

Abstract

Except for subepicardial foci, noncontact mapping localized focal activity in the LV with high reproducibility. In contrast to morphological parameters, the determination of intramural conduction provides a fair estimate of the depth of foci and is proposed as a novel parameter to identify a subepicardial origin.

Venice Chart International Consensus Document on Ventricular Tachycardia/Ventricular Fibrillation Ablation

“…Filter settings have a significant effect on the activation maps and unipolar virtual electrograms with a QS onset, consistent with a VT origin, must be confirmed by inspection to ensure that they are not due to artifact. Studies using the system to define areas of scar for substrate mapping and intramural foci support feasibility 101–103 …”

“…Studies using the system to define areas of scar for substrate mapping and intramural foci support feasibility. [101][102][103]…”

“…Verapamil‐sensitive idiopathic left VT occurs primarily due to reentry involving the fascicles of the left bundle branch 42,103,336 . RF ablation is highly effective (>80%) and should be considered in patients in whom medical therapy is unsuccessful or poorly tolerated.…”