Can rain suppress smoldering peat fire?

Lin, Shaorun; Cheung, Yau Kuen; Yang, Xin; Huang, Xinyan

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138468

Cited by 29 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 50 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Pit 1 of P1S, however, increased weakly after this second rainfall. Lin et al (2020) reported that the critical rainfall rate to extinguish a peat fire is 4 mm h −1 , substantially below two of the rainfalls recorded here (see Fig. 3b).…”

contrasting

confidence: 57%

“…In this study, the H s threshold is 26.5 ± 9.2 mm (water spray suppression in P1N). This value is in the range of the threshold reported in previous laboratory studies, 13 ± 1.9 mm in Lin et al (2020) and 36 ± 5 mm in Santoso et al (2021). Far below this threshold is the H s , due to aforementioned rainfall events that resulted in unsuccessful suppression, i.e.…”

supporting

confidence: 54%

“…At the microscale, in the order of milligram samples, the fundamental chemistry of smouldering peat has been identified, revealing exothermic and endothermic reactions (Chen et al 2011;Huang and Rein 2014). At the mesoscale, in the order of gram to kilogram samples, the studies are on the dynamics of peat fire such as the critical ignition limits based on moisture content (MC) and inorganic content (IC) (Frandsen 1987(Frandsen , 1997Rein et al 2008), horizontal and in-depth spread (Huang et al 2016;Prat-Guitart et al 2016a, 2016bChristensen et al 2020), gaseous emission (Hu et al 2019), and suppression (Ramadhan et al 2017;Lin et al 2020;Santoso et al 2021). Currently, the maximum characteristic length of laboratory mesoscale studies in the literature is 40 cm (Benscoter et al 2011;Huang and Rein 2019;Christensen et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

GAMBUT field experiment of peatland wildfires in Sumatra: from ignition to spread and suppression

Santoso

Christensen

Amin

et al. 2022

Int. J. Wildland Fire

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Peat wildfires can burn over large areas of peatland, releasing ancient carbon and toxic gases into the atmosphere over prolonged periods. These emissions cause haze episodes of pollution and accelerate climate change. Peat wildfires are characterised by smouldering -the flameless, most persistent type of combustion. Mitigation strategies are needed in arctic, boreal, and tropical areas but are hindered by incomplete scientific understanding of smouldering. Here, we present GAMBUT, the largest and longest to-date field experiment of peat wildfires, conducted in a degraded peatland of Sumatra. Temperature, emission and spread of peat fire were continuously measured over 4-10 days and nights, and three major rainfalls. Measurements of temperature in the soil provide field experimental evidence of lethal fire severity to the biological system of the peat up to 30 cm depth. We report that the temperature of the deep smouldering is ~13% hotter than shallow layer during daytime. During night-time, both deep and shallow smouldering had the same level of temperature. The experiment was terminated by suppression with water. Comparison of rainfall with suppression confirms the existence of a critical water column height below which extinction is not possible. GAMBUT provides a unique understanding of peat wildfires at field conditions that can contribute to mitigation strategies.

show abstract

contrasting

confidence: 57%

supporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

GAMBUT field experiment of peatland wildfires in Sumatra: from ignition to spread and suppression

Santoso

Christensen

Amin

et al. 2022

Int. J. Wildland Fire

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Once ignited, they are particularly difficult to extinguish and can persist for long periods of time (months, years), spreading deep into the ground and over extensive areas. Recent studies have quantified the maximum soil moisture content that allows smouldering spread for different types of [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ], the conditions for water suppression [ 37 , 38 ] and the creation of firebreaks [ 23 ]. For most peatland megafire, firefighting with water is very challenging because of the large amounts of water needed.…”

Section: Large Peat Firesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smouldering wildfires in peatlands, forests and the arctic: Challenges and perspectives

Rein

Huang

2021

Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Wildfires can be divided into two types, flaming or smouldering, depending on the dominant combustion processes. Both types are present in most wildfires, and despite being fundamentally different in chemical and physical terms, one transitions to the other. Traditionally, science has focused on flames, while smouldering is often misinterpreted. But smouldering wildfires are emerging as a global concern because they cause extensive air pollution, emit very large amounts of carbon, are difficult to detect and suppress, and could accelerate climate change. Central to the topic are smouldering peat fires that lead to the largest fires on Earth. Smouldering also dominates the residual burning after flames have died out and firebrand ignition. Finally, smouldering is an important part of Arctic wildfires, which are increasing in frequency. Here, we present a scientific overview of smouldering wildfires, the associated environmental and health issues, including climate change, and the challenges in prevention and mitigation.

show abstract

“…Kebakaran hutan rawa gambut sangat sulit dipadamkan dan menyebabkan dampak yang sangat parah terhadap kondisi edafik (Lampela et al, 2016) dan permudaan di atasnya (Blackham et al, 2014;Lampela et al, 2017). Menurut Lin et al, (2020) (Lampela et al, 2016). Kebakaran akan menyebabkan hilangnya hammock dan memperdalam hollow yang ada sehingga permudaan akan hilang/berkurang dan kemampuan pemulihan alaminya akan berkurang.…”

Section: Implikasi Terhadap Pemulihan Rawa Gambutunclassified

The carbon stock as indicator of peatland recovery after fire in Central Kalimantan

Qirom

Yuwati

Syaifuddin

2021

GLM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Peat swamp forest fire was the main cause of the huge carbon stock loss. Forest recovery after fire took a huge cost and long period of time. The aim of this research was to determine the carbon stock on various peat land condition and management intervention and utilize it as bio-indicator for degraded peat swamp forest recovery after fire. The data was collected from three location representing three sites: after 1997 fire (ex 1997), unburnt secondary forest and area that was severely burnt in 2005 but already re-planted. Measurement was carried out on the vegetation carbon stock namely seedlings, saplings, poles and trees. The carbon stock was determined using 5 sampling plots on secondary forest and 6 plots on other sites. Carbon counting was using allometric equation. The result showed that the carbon stock was affected by the various type and management intervention of the sites especially at the rehabilitation site. The carbon stock of ex-1997 and secondary forest was not significantly different on all stages of vegetation including the total number. The carbon stock on ex-1997 and secondary forest was 258, 95 Mg/Ha and 254,36 Mg/Ha, respectively. The condition showed that ex-1997 site had the ability to naturally recovered. The rate of recovery can be approached with carbon stock estimation as indicator for peatland recovery after fire. The indicator can be used on sites with no species diversity requirements as recovery factor such as protected or conservation areas. Keywords: natural, allometric, degradation, indicator

show abstract

Can rain suppress smoldering peat fire?

Cited by 29 publications

References 50 publications

GAMBUT field experiment of peatland wildfires in Sumatra: from ignition to spread and suppression

GAMBUT field experiment of peatland wildfires in Sumatra: from ignition to spread and suppression

Smouldering wildfires in peatlands, forests and the arctic: Challenges and perspectives

The carbon stock as indicator of peatland recovery after fire in Central Kalimantan

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About