Can the Inflammatory Response Be Evaluated Using <sup>18</sup>F-FDG Within Zones of Microvascular Obstruction After Myocardial Infarction?

Prato, Frank S.; Butler, John; Sykes, Jane; Keenliside, Lynn; Blackwood, Kimberley J.; Thompson, Robert T.; White, James A.; Mikami, Yoko; Thiessen, Jonathan D.; Wisenberg, Gerald

doi:10.2967/jnumed.114.147835

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The aforementioned inflammatory processes will inevitably result in myocardial cell injury or myocardial fibrosis. Thus far, studies have shown that inflammation serves an important role in the development of myocardial fibrosis (28). In the present study, it was found that oleuropein significantly reduced the induction of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels by myocardial I/R.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Inhibition of MEK/ERK/STAT3 signaling in oleuropein treatment inhibits myocardial ischemia/reperfusion

et al. 2018

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Studies have shown that oleuropein has antifungal, anti‑inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant, anticancer and hypoglycemic functions. TTC solution staining was used to measure myocardial infarction size. A commercial kit was used to measure lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine kinase‑MB (CK‑MB), tumor necrosis factor‑α (TNF‑α), interleukin‑1β (IL‑1β), IL 6, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and catalase levels. Western blot analysis was used to measure p53, p-MEK p-ERK and p‑IκBα protein expression. The present study reports that the protective effect of oleuropein also prevents against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (myocardial I/R). The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate this protective effect of oleuropein and the mechanisms by which myocardial I/R is prevented. Oleuropein inhibited myocardial infarction size, CK‑MB and LDH serum levels in a myocardial I/R rat model. Moreover, oleuropein also attenuated caspase‑3 activity, and p53, phosphorylated (p)‑mitogen‑activated protein kinase kinase (MEK), p‑extracellular signal‑regulated protein kinase (ERK) and p‑IκBα protein expression. TNF‑α, IL‑1β, IL‑6 and MDA were decreased; SOD, GSH and catalase levels inhibited TNF‑α, IL‑1β, IL-6 and MDA levels, and increased SOD, GSH and catalase levels in myocardial I/R rats treated with oleuropein. Rats orally administered the MEK inhibitor PD0325901, in addition to oleuropein, exhibited inhibited myocardial infarction size, CK‑MB and LDH serum levels compared with rats treated with oleuropein only. Rats treated with MEK inhibitor also exhibited suppressed caspase‑3 activity, p53, p‑MEK p‑ERK and p‑IκBα protein expression, TNF‑α, IL‑1β, IL‑6, SOD, GSH, MDA and catalase levels, and induced p‑signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) protein expression compared with rats treated with oleuropein only. Taken together, these results suggest that MEK/ERK/STAT3 signaling regulates the inhibition of myocardial I/R in rats treated with oleuropein.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Inhibition of MEK/ERK/STAT3 signaling in oleuropein treatment inhibits myocardial ischemia/reperfusion

et al. 2018

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“…These conditions include noninfectious inflammatory granulomatous processes and disseminated inflammatory processes like, sarcoidosis, atherosclerosis, and pneumoconiosis, diffuse muscular uptake following administration of insulin and diffuse increased bone uptake following the administration of colony stimulating factors prior to the injection of FDG, prior biopsies, sites of catheter insertions, and sites of other drainage tube insertions, radiation therapy induced pneumonitis/fibrosis, as well as talc pleurodesis, benign tumors such as fibrous mesothelioma, schwannoma, aggressive neurofibromas and enchondromas and metallic or otherwise dense foreign bodies on the surface of the body or implanted (pace-maker, stimulators, leads, prosthetics, bullet fragments, brachytherapy) bodies. 29,30 In addition, 18 F FDG PET/CT scan include high radiation doses, relatively high cost and limited availability. Considering these limitations, the future research should identify at which stage of FUO work up, 18 F FDG PET/CT scan should be used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utility of 18 F‐FDG PET/CT scan to diagnose the etiology of fever of unknown origin in patients on dialysis

Chand

Chennu

Yadagiri

et al. 2016

Hemodialysis International

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“…High 18 F-FDG uptake was found in monocytes and macrophages isolated from subacutely infarcted myocardium in mice evaluated with PET/MR [61]. However, 18 F-FDG PET/MR and In-111 white blood cell imaging in dogs with left anterior descending coronary occlusion have demonstrated that 18 F-FDG PET underestimates the extent and degree of inflammation within regions of microvascular obstruction [65]. 18 F-FDG PET, particularly 18 F-FDG PET/CT, was reported to be a very accurate technique for measuring infarct size [63,64].…”

Section: Acute Myocardial Infarctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac applications of PET

Sarıkaya¹

2015

Nuclear Medicine Communications

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Routine use of cardiac positron emission tomography (PET) applications has been increasing but has not replaced cardiac single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) studies yet. The majority of cardiac PET tracers, with the exception of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG), are not widely available, as they require either an onsite cyclotron or a costly generator for their production. 18F-FDG PET imaging has high sensitivity for the detection of hibernating/viable myocardium and has replaced Tl-201 SPECT imaging in centers equipped with a PET/CT camera. PET myocardial perfusion imaging with various tracers such as Rb-82, N-13 ammonia, and O-15 H2O has higher sensitivity and specificity than myocardial perfusion SPECT for the detection of coronary artery disease (CAD). In particular, quantitative PET measurements of myocardial perfusion help identify subclinical coronary stenosis, better define the extent and severity of CAD, and detect ischemia when there is balanced reduction in myocardial perfusion due to three-vessel or main stem CAD. Fusion images of PET perfusion and CT coronary artery calcium scoring or CT coronary angiography provide additional complementary information and improve the detection of CAD. PET studies with novel 18F-labeled perfusion tracers such as 18F-flurpiridaz and 18F-FBnTP have yielded high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of CAD. These tracers are still being tested in humans, and, if approved for clinical use, they will be commercially and widely available. In addition to viability studies, 18F-FDG PET can also be utilized to detect inflammation/infection in various conditions such as endocarditis, sarcoidosis, and atherosclerosis. Some recent series have obtained encouraging results for the detection of endocarditis in patients with intracardiac devices and prosthetic valves. PET tracers for cardiac neuronal imaging, such as C-11 HED, help assess the severity of heart failure and post-transplant cardiac reinnervation, and understand the pathogenesis of arrhytmias. The other uncommon applications of cardiac PET include NaF imaging to identify calcium deposition in atherosclerotic plaques and β-amyloid imaging to diagnose cardiac amyloid involvement. 18F-FDG imaging with a novel PET/MR camera has been reported to be very sensitive and specific for the differentiation between malignant and nonmalignant cardiac masses. The other potential applications of PET/MR are cardiac infectious/inflammatory conditions such as endocarditis.

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Can the Inflammatory Response Be Evaluated Using ¹⁸F-FDG Within Zones of Microvascular Obstruction After Myocardial Infarction?

Cited by 22 publications

References 14 publications

Inhibition of MEK/ERK/STAT3 signaling in oleuropein treatment inhibits myocardial ischemia/reperfusion

Inhibition of MEK/ERK/STAT3 signaling in oleuropein treatment inhibits myocardial ischemia/reperfusion

Utility of 18 F‐FDG PET/CT scan to diagnose the etiology of fever of unknown origin in patients on dialysis

Cardiac applications of PET

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Can the Inflammatory Response Be Evaluated Using 18F-FDG Within Zones of Microvascular Obstruction After Myocardial Infarction?

Cited by 22 publications

References 14 publications

Inhibition of MEK/ERK/STAT3 signaling in oleuropein treatment inhibits myocardial ischemia/reperfusion

Inhibition of MEK/ERK/STAT3 signaling in oleuropein treatment inhibits myocardial ischemia/reperfusion

Utility of 18 F‐FDG PET/CT scan to diagnose the etiology of fever of unknown origin in patients on dialysis

Cardiac applications of PET

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Can the Inflammatory Response Be Evaluated Using ¹⁸F-FDG Within Zones of Microvascular Obstruction After Myocardial Infarction?