Can the late dark energy parameterization reconcile the Hubble tension?*

Abstract

In this paper, we construct ten dark energy models to test whether they can reconcile the Hubble tension and how much is it affected by parameterization. To provide a fair test, the models are rich including fractional form, logarithm form, exponential form, inverse exponential form and several non-parameterized models. The dataset we use are the NPIPE pipeline of cosmic microwave background (CMB) power-spectrum data from \pl2020, Pantheon+ samples from Supernovae Type Ia, and baryon acoustic oscillation. They MCMC calculation implies the dark energy transferring from $w< -1$ to $w > -1$, for the four parameterized dark energy models. However, they are unable to reconcile the Hubble tension well. Importantly, we find that the phantom-like dark energy with $w < -1$ best can reduce the Hubble tension to $0.1808\sigma$. However, the AIC analysis indicates that this alleviation is at the cost of high AIC. We also investigate the effect of constructions on the derivative of equation of state $dw/da$, cosmic density parameter, CMB power spectrum $C^{TT}$ and matter spectra $P(k)$. We also find that Hubble tension may be related to the reionization process.