Can Ulcerative Dermal Necrosis (UDN) in Atlantic salmon be attributed to ultraviolet radiation and secondary Saprolegnia parasitica infections?

Henard, Cyril; Saraiva, Márcia; Ściślak, Magdalena E.; Ruba, Tahmina; McLaggan, Debbie; Noguera, Patricia A.; West, Pieter van

doi:10.1016/j.fbr.2022.02.002

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…While UV irradiation may inactivate some parasites and pathogens, it also acts as a stressor to many organisms, which in turn may make them more sensitive to infections and parasites. For example, ulcerative dermal necrosis is a disease found in Atlantic salmon [ 95 ]. The disease develops from small grey to white areas of skin to deep ulcers covering much of the head, primarily affecting salmon upon return to freshwaters from the ocean.…”

Section: Uv Radiation In Combination With Climate Change Can Have Adv...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The disease develops from small grey to white areas of skin to deep ulcers covering much of the head, primarily affecting salmon upon return to freshwaters from the ocean. It was recently hypothesised that high UV irradiation in shallow freshwaters increased stress on salmon, making them more susceptible to secondary infections by pathogens such as Saprolegnia parasitica [ 95 ]. This interaction between the effect of UV radiation and disease susceptibility could have adverse effects on farmed salmon populations but the extent of these issues is not well known.…”

Section: Uv Radiation In Combination With Climate Change Can Have Adv...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The response of aquatic ecosystems to the interactive effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and climate change

Neale

Williamson

Banaszak

et al. 2023

Photochem Photobiol Sci

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Variations in stratospheric ozone and changes in the aquatic environment by climate change and human activity are modifying the exposure of aquatic ecosystems to UV radiation. These shifts in exposure have consequences for the distributions of species, biogeochemical cycles, and services provided by aquatic ecosystems. This Quadrennial Assessment presents the latest knowledge on the multi-faceted interactions between the effects of UV irradiation and climate change, and other anthropogenic activities, and how these conditions are changing aquatic ecosystems. Climate change results in variations in the depth of mixing, the thickness of ice cover, the duration of ice-free conditions and inputs of dissolved organic matter, all of which can either increase or decrease exposure to UV radiation. Anthropogenic activities release oil, UV filters in sunscreens, and microplastics into the aquatic environment that are then modified by UV radiation, frequently amplifying adverse effects on aquatic organisms and their environments. The impacts of these changes in combination with factors such as warming and ocean acidification are considered for aquatic micro-organisms, macroalgae, plants, and animals (floating, swimming, and attached). Minimising the disruptive consequences of these effects on critical services provided by the world’s rivers, lakes and oceans (freshwater supply, recreation, transport, and food security) will not only require continued adherence to the Montreal Protocol but also a wider inclusion of solar UV radiation and its effects in studies and/or models of aquatic ecosystems under conditions of the future global climate. Graphical abstract

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Section: Uv Radiation In Combination With Climate Change Can Have Adv...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Uv Radiation In Combination With Climate Change Can Have Adv...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The response of aquatic ecosystems to the interactive effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and climate change

Neale

Williamson

Banaszak

et al. 2023

Photochem Photobiol Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…UDN is a chronic skin disease affecting mainly wild adult salmonids returning from seas to rivers to spawn. To date, it has not been possible to identify the primary etiological agent or direct cause of this disease (Henard et al 2022). Factors favoring its development are water pollution and low water temperature (below 10°C) and poor fish condition caused by physiological changes related to gonad maturation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

UDN-like disease in spawners of salmonid fishes from the Rega, Parsęta, Wieprza, and Słupia rivers in 2009-2012

Kazuń,

Terech-Majewska,

Grudniewska

et al. 2023

Fisheries &Amp; Aquatic Life

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Since 2007 in Poland, skin lesions have been observed in salmon (Salmo salar L.) and sea trout (Salmo trutta L.) entering Pomeranian rivers to spawn. The clinical picture of affected fish resembled ulcerative dermal necrosis (UDN), a disease of unknown etiology affecting mainly the scalps of wild salmonids. The aim of the 2009-2012 study was to determine with microbiological tests the etiological agent of the skin lesions observed in salmonids entering the Pomeranian rivers. During the study, a total of 13 species of Gram-negative bacteria belonging mainly to the Yersiniaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Pseudomonadaceae families were isolated and identified from the skin and kidneys of diseased fish. The Gram-positive bacteria isolated were aerobic, hemolytic granules of the genus Streptococcus. Mycological examinations on damaged fish body surfaces revealed yeasts of the genus Rhodotorula and fungi of the family Saprolegniaceae. The results of our study did not permit us to identify unequivocally the direct cause of the fish diseases analyzed since all the bacteria isolated during the study are normally found in aquatic environments. Some of the isolated bacteria identified were assumed to be potentially pathogenic to fish. The fungal infections observed were probably secondary and only exacerbated ongoing disease processes.

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Potential role of climate change on the spread of salmonid skin condition: the biogeochemical hypothesis on ulcerative dermal necrosis on the Słupia River - Poland

Stokowski,

Sobiegraj,

Kulczykowska

2023

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Ulcerative dermal necrosis (UDN) it is an idiopathic condition of fish skin that has been reported in Europe since 1820. UDN affects primarily an epidermal and dermal layer of the skin lesion, which in the early stages, occurs in the head area of migratory adult salmonids entering freshwater for upstream river migration. Studies show that acid-base water properties in estuaries are exceptionally dynamic, which results from the variability of the CO2 system. The carbonate system is shaped by the net effect of mineralization and primary production enhanced by: i) the constant inflow of nutrients and organic matter from the land and ii) the horizontal and vertical mixing of the two end-members of the total alkalinity, dissolved organic carbon and pCO2; both cause high acid-base gradients between the river and the ocean. Climate change affects the biogeochemical characteristics of estuaries. We show a strong positive correlation between local temperature anomalies along the Polish coast and the occurrence of UDN in Salmo trutta sp. spawners in the Słupia River, Poland. The results suggest that the biogeochemical processes associated with climate change may be at least one component of the UDN aetiology. They also highlight the need for systematic monitoring to understand these processes and their consequences. It is crucial for restoring and further preserving sustainability in the coastal system, which involves marine life and human well-being. Furthermore, salmonids are valuable commercial fish. Thus any health issues may have a profound effect on fisheries, local communities and the fish market in general.

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Can Ulcerative Dermal Necrosis (UDN) in Atlantic salmon be attributed to ultraviolet radiation and secondary Saprolegnia parasitica infections?

Cited by 3 publications

References 42 publications

The response of aquatic ecosystems to the interactive effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and climate change

The response of aquatic ecosystems to the interactive effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and climate change

UDN-like disease in spawners of salmonid fishes from the Rega, Parsęta, Wieprza, and Słupia rivers in 2009-2012

Potential role of climate change on the spread of salmonid skin condition: the biogeochemical hypothesis on ulcerative dermal necrosis on the Słupia River - Poland

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