Cancelling Jüttner distributions for space-like freeze-out

Abstract

We study freeze out process of particles across a three dimensional space-time hypersurface with space-like normal. The problem of negative contribution is discussed with respect to conservation laws, and a simple and practical new one-particle distribution for the post FO side is introduced, the Cancelling Jüttner (CJ) distribution.

Covariant description of kinetic freeze-out through a finite time-like layer

“…While in the case of spacelike FO the Cancelling-Jüttner distribution introduced in Ref. [17] is satisfactory, in the case of time-like FO, we have found a simple formula to use. Now, one may ask the question whether we observe this additional low p t effect in the experimental data.…”

Covariant description of kinetic freeze-out through a finite spacelike layer

“…The final spectra have a complicated form and were calculated here numerically. In large-scale (e.g., three-dimensional CFD) simulations for spacelike FO the cancelling Jüttner distribution [27] may be a satisfactory analytical approximation.…”

Dynamical freeze-out in three-fluid hydrodynamics

“…The advantage of Milekhin's method is just practical: with the exception of the pion directed flow it quite successfully works in the 3FD model. The canceling-Jüttner recipe [42] overcomes the returning-hadrons problem of the above methods. It would be of interest to apply it in the 3FD model.…”