2017
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177737
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Cancer cell spheroids are a better screen for the photodynamic efficiency of glycosylated photosensitizers

Abstract: Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) relies on the use of non-toxic photosensitizers that are locally and selectively activated by light to induce cell death or apoptosis through reactive oxygen species generation. The conjugation of porphyrinoids with sugars that target cancer is increasingly viewed as an effective way to increase the selectivity of PDT. To date, in vitro PDT efficacy is mostly screened using two-dimensional monolayer cultures. Compared to monolayer cultures, three-dimensional spheroid cultures have un… Show more

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Cited by 70 publications
(80 citation statements)
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“…Similarly, Pereira et al (2017) also demonstrated that GLUT-1 expression was 0.5-fold higher in MCF-7 breast cancer spheroids in comparison with the monolayer cultures. Similarly, Pereira et al (2017) also demonstrated that GLUT-1 expression was 0.5-fold higher in MCF-7 breast cancer spheroids in comparison with the monolayer cultures.…”
Section: Variations In Cells Energy Metabolismmentioning
confidence: 71%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Similarly, Pereira et al (2017) also demonstrated that GLUT-1 expression was 0.5-fold higher in MCF-7 breast cancer spheroids in comparison with the monolayer cultures. Similarly, Pereira et al (2017) also demonstrated that GLUT-1 expression was 0.5-fold higher in MCF-7 breast cancer spheroids in comparison with the monolayer cultures.…”
Section: Variations In Cells Energy Metabolismmentioning
confidence: 71%
“…predominant glucose transporter in many types of cancer) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; enzyme responsible for the lactate production) on the PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells cultured in 2D/3D was approximately 3.5 and 7.5, respectively. Similarly, Pereira et al (2017) also demonstrated that GLUT-1 expression was 0.5-fold higher in MCF-7 breast cancer spheroids in comparison with the monolayer cultures. In addition, Khaitan et al (2006) denoted that the glucose consumption and lactate production were two-to threefolds higher in BMG-1 glioma spheroids than in BMG-1 monolayer cell cultures.…”
Section: Variations In Cells Energy Metabolismmentioning
confidence: 71%
“…The two-dimensional (2D) cancer cell cultures are restricted in serving as adequate models for drug screening and drug development [1,2] , due to challenges associated with for example, hypersensitivity to anti-cancer drugs [3] , and inability to recapitulate the complex intricate interactions within a tumor microenvironment (TME) [4] . The TME is capable of acting as both a potential barrier and facilitator of tumor proliferation by affecting various processes including local growth resistance, immune system interactions, and the formation of distant metastases [5] .…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The main reason for the difference is that spheroids are a more complex structure, similar to the solid tumor structure. Thus, spheroids offer a more rational platform for screening anticancer effects than monolayer cells [76,77]. Thus, the 3D cell culture models, including spheroids, closely mimic the main characteristics of human solid tumors (e.g., organization of the structure, assembly of the cell layers, hypoxia, and nutrient gradients) [78].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%