Cancer Statistics, 2008

Kim

Food Science & Nutrition

2018

Orostachys japonicus (O. japonicus) is utilized as a traditional medicine for patients with various diseases. This study investigated the effect of the ethyl acetate fraction from O. japonicus extract (OJE) on the growth inhibition of OVCAR‐3 human ovarian cancer cells demonstrated to inhibit cell growth and arrest the cell cycle in OVCAR‐3 cells by blocking the sub‐G1 phase and decreasing cyclin E1/CDK2 expression. Cell cycle arrest was connected to the increased expression of the cell cycle regulating factors p53 and p21. Apoptosis was initiated through the intrinsic pathway by up‐regulating the expression of the Bcl‐2/Bax ratio and down‐regulating the expression of pro‐caspase‐3. Furthermore, OJE treatment elicited p‐p38 activation and p‐ERK1/2 inhibition. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that OJE reduced the growth of OVCAR‐3 human ovarian cancer cells mediated by arrest of the cell cycle and regulation of MAPK signaling pathways.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orostachys japonicus induce p53‐dependent cell cycle arrest through the MAPK signaling pathway in OVCAR‐3 human ovarian cancer cells

Kim

Food Science & Nutrition

2018

“…The development of metastatic breast tumors is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in breast cancer patients (Gupta et al, 1992;Jemal et al, 2008). Gene amplification and overexpression of Neu/ErbB-2, a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase family, is found in 25-30% of primary breast cancer patients, who display a trend of early stage metastasis and poor survival rate (Slamon et al, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CdGAP is required for transforming growth factor β- and Neu/ErbB-2-induced breast cancer cell motility and invasion

Northey

Primeau

et al. 2010

Oncogene

RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42, the best-characterized members of the Rho family of small GTPases, are critical regulators of many cellular activities. Cdc42 GTPaseactivating protein (CdGAP) is a serine-and proline-rich RhoGAP protein showing GAP activity against both Cdc42 and Rac1 but not RhoA. CdGAP is phosphorylated downstream of the MEK-ERK (extracellular signalregulated kinase) pathway in response to serum and is required for normal cell spreading and polarized lamellipodia formation. In this study, we found that CdGAP protein and mRNA levels are highly increased in mammary tumor explants expressing an activated Neu/ ErbB-2 (Neu-NT) receptor. In response to transforming growth factor-b (TGFb) stimulation, Neu-NT-expressing mammary tumor explants demonstrate a clear induction in cell motility and invasion. We show that downregulation of CdGAP expression by small interfering RNA abrogates the ability of TGFb to induce cell motility and invasion of Neu-NT-expressing mammary tumor explants. However, it has no effect on TGFb-mediated cell adhesion on type 1 collagen and fibronectin. Interestingly, protein expression of E-Cadherin is highly increased in Neu-NT-expressing mammary tumor explants depleted of CdGAP. In addition, complete loss of E-Cadherin expression is not observed in CdGAP-depleted cells during TGFb-mediated epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Downregulation of the CdGAP expression also decreases cell proliferation of Neu-NT-expressing mammary tumor explants independently of TGFb. Rescue analysis using re-expression of various CdGAP deletion-mutant proteins revealed that the proline-rich domain (PRD) but not the GAP domain of CdGAP is essential to mediate TGFbinduced cell motility and invasion. Finally, we found that TGFb induces the expression and phosphorylation of CdGAP in mammary epithelial NMuMG cells. Taken together, these studies identify CdGAP as a novel molecular target in TGFb signaling and implicate CdGAP as an essential component in the synergistic interaction between TGFb and Neu/ErbB-2 signaling pathways in breast cancer cells.

“…Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers and affects women's health seriously [1]. Early detection is an effective way to control the disease [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Effective Approach of Lesion Segmentation Within the Breast Ultrasound Image Based on the Cellular Automata Principle

et al. 2012

In this paper, a novel lesion segmentation within breast ultrasound (BUS) image based on the cellular automata principle is proposed. Its energy transition function is formulated based on global image information difference and local image information difference using different energy transfer strategies. First, an energy decrease strategy is used for modeling the spatial relation information of pixels. For modeling global image information difference, a seed information comparison function is developed using an energy preserve strategy. Then, a texture information comparison function is proposed for considering local image difference in different regions, which is helpful for handling blurry boundaries. Moreover, two neighborhood systems (von Neumann and Moore neighborhood systems) are integrated as the evolution environment, and a similarity-based criterion is used for suppressing noise and reducing computation complexity. The proposed method was applied to 205 clinical BUS images for studying its characteristic and functionality, and several overlapping area error metrics and statistical evaluation methods are utilized for evaluating its performance. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can handle BUS images with blurry boundaries and low contrast well and can segment breast lesions accurately and effectively.