Cancer statistics, 2023

Abstract

Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the numbers of new cancer cases and deaths in the United States and compiles the most recent data on population‐based cancer occurrence and outcomes using incidence data collected by central cancer registries and mortality data collected by the National Center for Health Statistics. In 2023, 1,958,310 new cancer cases and 609,820 cancer deaths are projected to occur in the United States. Cancer incidence increased for prostate cancer by 3% annually from 2014 through 2019 after two decades of decline, translating to an additional 99,000 new cases; otherwise, however, incidence trends were more favorable in men compared to women. For example, lung cancer in women decreased at one half the pace of men (1.1% vs. 2.6% annually) from 2015 through 2019, and breast and uterine corpus cancers continued to increase, as did liver cancer and melanoma, both of which stabilized in men aged 50 years and older and declined in younger men. However, a 65% drop in cervical cancer incidence during 2012 through 2019 among women in their early 20s, the first cohort to receive the human papillomavirus vaccine, foreshadows steep reductions in the burden of human papillomavirus‐associated cancers, the majority of which occur in women. Despite the pandemic, and in contrast with other leading causes of death, the cancer death rate continued to decline from 2019 to 2020 (by 1.5%), contributing to a 33% overall reduction since 1991 and an estimated 3.8 million deaths averted. This progress increasingly reflects advances in treatment, which are particularly evident in the rapid declines in mortality (approximately 2% annually during 2016 through 2020) for leukemia, melanoma, and kidney cancer, despite stable/increasing incidence, and accelerated declines for lung cancer. In summary, although cancer mortality rates continue to decline, future progress may be attenuated by rising incidence for breast, prostate, and uterine corpus cancers, which also happen to have the largest racial disparities in mortality.

Discovery of Potent DYRK2 Inhibitors with High Selectivity, Great Solubility, and Excellent Safety Properties for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer

“…M6f was obtained through the same method as M6a, yield 85%. 1 (2-Aminopyrimidin-5-yl)(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)methanone (M9a). Commercially available 2-aminopyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid M7 (0.60 g, 5 mmol), EDCI (2.88 g, 15 mmol), HOBt (1.01 g, 7.5 mmol), Et 3 N (2.53 g, 25 mmol), and DMF (30 mL) were mixed and stirred at room temperature for 30 min.…”

“…The residue was purified by chromatography on silica to provide M15a, yield 80%. 1 H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 9.10 (s, 1H), 8.56 (s, 1H), 8.39 (dd, J = 1.7, 0.6 Hz, 1H), 8.11 (dd, J = 8.4, 0.6 Hz, 1H), 7.78 (dd, J = 8.4, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 2.47 (s, 3H). 13 C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 167.…”

“…M15d was obtained through the same method as M15a, yield 78%. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 9.11 (s, 1H), 8.94 (s, 1H), 8.58 (d, J = 3.1 Hz, 1H), 8.29 (dd, J = 8.5, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 8.13 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H). 13 Tert-butyl 4- thiazol-5-yl)-5-methoxypyrimidin-2yl)amino)nicotinoyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (M16).…”

“…25 was obtained through the reaction of M15c and M3c by the same synthetic method of M16, yield 47%. 1 Tert-butyl 4-( thiazol-5-yl)-5-fluoropyrimidin-2yl)amino)pyridin-3-yl)methyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (28). 28 was obtained through the reaction of M15d and M3c by the same synthetic method of M16, yield 41%.…”

“…28 was obtained through the reaction of M15d and M3c by the same synthetic method of M16, yield 41%. 1 DYRK2 Activity Assays. The DYRK2 kinase, substrate, and the tested compound were mixed in the reaction buffer, which contained 20 mM HEPES (pH 7.5), 10 mM MgCl 2 , 1 mM EGTA, 0.01% Brij35, 0.02 mg/ml BSA, 0.1 mM Na 3 VO 4 , 2 mM DTT, and 1% DMSO.…”