Candida species isolated from the vaginal mucosa of HIV-infected women in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

Oliveira, Paula Matos; Mascarenhas, Rita Elizabeth Moreira; Lacroix, Claire; Ferrer, Suzana Ramos; Oliveira, Rone Peterson Cerqueira; Cravo, Elaine Andrade; Alves, André P Ribeiro; Grassi, Maria Fernanda Rios

doi:10.1016/s1413-8670(11)70182-9

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…from the vaginal mucosa to the azole drugs commonly used in the treatment and prophylaxis of VVC 7, 8, 10, 11, 13, 22, 24, 27, 28. Concerning fluconazole, the resistance rates range from 0.8% to 12.5% 7, 10, 11, 24, 28. These values are considerably lower than the results found in our study, in which 42% of the isolates were resistant to fluconazole.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 83%

“…Among these, C. glabrata , described as the second most important species in cases of VVC due to its frequency10, 12, 15, 18, 23 and greater resistance to antifungals10, 22, 24 was found in 8.6% of symptomatic patients and in 14.3% of colonized patients in our study, which highlights the importance of laboratory tests for correct identification of the etiologic agent, although the clinical diagnosis of the disease is easily performed and commonly applied 2, 25…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Candida spp. in cervical-vaginal samples and the in vitro susceptibility of isolates

Brandolt

Klafke

Gonçalves

et al. 2017

Brazilian Journal of Microbiology

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Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is an infection of the genital mucosa caused by different species of the genus Candida. Considering the lack of data on this topic in the south of Brazil, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of Candida spp. in the cervical-vaginal mucosa of patients treated at a university hospital in southern Rio Grande do Sul, as well as the etiology and the susceptibility of the isolates against fluconazole, itraconazole, miconazole and nystatin. Samples were collected at the gynecology clinic of the Federal Hospital of the University of Rio Grande, and the isolates were identified using phenotypic and biochemical tests. The susceptibility analysis was performed according to the CLSI M27-A2 protocol. Of the 263 patients included, Candida spp. was isolated in 27%, corresponding to a prevalence of approximately 15% for both VVC and colonization. More than 60% of the isolates were identified as Candida albicans; C. non-albicans was isolated at a rate of 8.6% in symptomatic patients and 14.3% in asymptomatic patients. The prevalence of resistance against fluconazole and itraconazole was 42% and 48%, respectively; the minimal inhibitory concentration of miconazole ranged from 0.031 to 8 μg/mL, and that of nystatin ranged from 2 to >16 μg/mL. The high rate of resistance to triazoles observed in our study suggests the necessity of the association of laboratory exams to clinical diagnosis to minimize the practice of empirical treatments that can contribute to the development of resistance in the isolates.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Candida spp. in cervical-vaginal samples and the in vitro susceptibility of isolates

Brandolt

Klafke

Gonçalves

et al. 2017

Brazilian Journal of Microbiology

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“…In the HIV/AIDS scenario, mucosal candidiasis is one of the oldest and most common opportunistic infections in HIV-positive women [ 235 , 236 ]. Although it is not considered a syndrome-defining illness, vaginal candidiasis is classified by the centers for disease control and prevention for human immunodeficiency virus as a condition whose course or management may be altered by HIV infection [ 237 – 240 ].…”

Section: Immunity Of Female Genital Mucosa Hiv/aids and Stdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucosal Immunity in the Female Genital Tract, HIV/AIDS

Machado

Silva

Cavellani

et al. 2014

BioMed Research International

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Mucosal immunity consists of innate and adaptive immune responses which can be influenced by systemic immunity. Despite having been the subject of intensive studies, it is not fully elucidated what exactly occurs after HIV contact with the female genital tract mucosa. The sexual route is the main route of HIV transmission, with an increased risk of infection in women compared to men. Several characteristics of the female genital tract make it suitable for inoculation, establishment of infection, and systemic spread of the virus, which causes local changes that may favor the development of infections by other pathogens, often called sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). The relationship of these STDs with HIV infection has been widely studied. Here we review the characteristics of mucosal immunity of the female genital tract, its alterations due to HIV/AIDS, and the characteristics of coinfections between HIV/AIDS and the most prevalent STDs.

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“…Use of the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has extended the life span of HIV-infected persons. However, some studies have reported that even for users of this continuous therapy opportunistic infections remain a serious problem 3 , 18 . Nevertheless, to the authors' knowledge, few studies have related vaginal Candida colonization and VVC in HIV-infected women to HAART use in different populations, have enrolled relatively few HIV-infected women 15 , only treated specific clinical conditions as Candida colonization 14 , lacked appropriate matched controls 9 , 15 , or have been restricted to specialized subpopulations such as women with symptoms of vulvovaginitis 23 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EFFECT OF HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY ON VAGINAL Candida spp. ISOLATION IN HIV-INFECTED COMPARED TO HIV-UNINFECTED WOMEN

Alczuk

Mendonca

Rocha-Brischiliari

et al. 2015

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) in HIV-infected women contributed to the impairment of their quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) use on the vaginal Candida spp. isolation in HIV-infected compared to HIV-uninfected women. This cross-sectional study included 178 HIV-infected (HIV group) and 200 HIV-uninfected women (control) that were studied at the Specialized Assistance Service (SAE) for sexually transmitted diseases (STD)/AIDS of the city of Maringá, Brazil, from April 1 to October 30, 2011. The yeasts were isolated and identified by phenotypic and molecular methods. The in vitro antifungal susceptibility to fluconazole, itraconazole, nystatin and amphotericin B was tested by the reference microdilution method. Higher frequencies of total vaginal Candida spp. isolation were found in the HIV-infected group than in the control group. However, both groups showed a similar frequency of colonization and VVC. Although C. albicans was the most frequent and sensitive to azolics and polyenes in both HIV-infected and uninfected women, the emerging resistance of C. glabrata to amphotericin B in the HIV-infected women was observed. Although higher frequency of vaginal Candida spp. isolation had been observed in the HIV-infected than in HIV-uninfected women, colonization and VVC showed similar frequency in both groups, indicating that HAART appears to protect against vaginal colonization and VVC.

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Candida species isolated from the vaginal mucosa of HIV-infected women in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

Abstract: Our results confirm a higher frequency of Candida spp. isolated from the vaginal mucosa of HIV-infected women and a broader spectrum of species involved. Only Candida glabrata isolates showed decreased susceptibility to fluconazole.

Cited by 12 publications

References 24 publications

Prevalence of Candida spp. in cervical-vaginal samples and the in vitro susceptibility of isolates

Prevalence of Candida spp. in cervical-vaginal samples and the in vitro susceptibility of isolates

Mucosal Immunity in the Female Genital Tract, HIV/AIDS

EFFECT OF HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY ON VAGINAL Candida spp. ISOLATION IN HIV-INFECTED COMPARED TO HIV-UNINFECTED WOMEN

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