Candidate Effector Pst_8713 Impairs the Plant Immunity and Contributes to Virulence of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici

Zhao, Mengxin; Wang, Jianfeng; Ji, Songbai; Chen, Zengju; Xu, Jinghua; Tang, Chunlei; Chen, Shuntao; Kang, Zhensheng; Wang, Xiaojie

doi:10.3389/fpls.2018.01294

Cited by 45 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…The SP-SUC2 construct was generated by cloning the 22-aa SP of Orphan OSP1 OSP2 OSP3 OSP4 OSP5 OSP6 OSP7 OSP8 OSP9 OSP10 OSP11 OSP12 OSP13 OSP14 OSP15 OSP16 OSP17 OSP18 OSP19 OSP20 OSP21 OSP22 OSP23 OSP24 OSP25 OSP26 OSP27 OSP28 OSP29 OSP30 OSP31 OSP32 OSP33 OSP34 OSP35 OSP36 OSP37 OSP38 OSP39 OSP40 OSP41 OSP42 OSP43 OSP44 OSP45 OSP46 OSP47 OSP48 OSP49 Osp24 (Fig. 2d) into the vector pSUC2 40 and transformed into the yeast suc2 mutant 41 . The resulting SP-SUC2 transformants were able to grow on YPRAA agar and had secreted invertase activity ( Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…P CaMV 35S -Osp24 ΔSP was cloned into pGR106 and transformed into A. tumefaciens strain GV3101 90 expressing the BAX and INF1 constructs 91 resuspended to OD 600 of 0.8 in infiltration solution (10 mM MES, 10 mM MgCl 2 , and 150 μM acetosyringone) 90 . At 18 h after the initial infiltration of tobacco leaves with A. tumefaciens transformant carrying the P CaMV 35S -Osp24 ΔSP construct, the same sites were infiltrated with cells carrying GFP, BAX, or INF1 constructs 40 . Plant cell death symptoms were examined 5 days after infiltration with cells expressing BAX or INF1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plant cell death symptoms were examined 5 days after infiltration with cells expressing BAX or INF1. A. tumefaciens cells carrying the GFP vector 40 were used as the negative control. Each infiltration experiment was repeated at least three times with a minimum of three leaves tested.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An orphan protein of Fusarium graminearum modulates host immunity by mediating proteasomal degradation of TaSnRK1α

et al. 2020

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Fusarium graminearum is a causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB) and a deoxynivalenol (DON) producer. In this study, OSP24 is identified as an important virulence factor in systematic characterization of the 50 orphan secreted protein (OSP) genes of F. graminearum. Although dispensable for growth and initial penetration, OSP24 is important for infectious growth in wheat rachis tissues. OSP24 is specifically expressed during pathogenesis and its transient expression suppresses BAX-or INF1-induced cell death. Osp24 is translocated into plant cells and two of its 8 cysteine-residues are required for its function. Wheat SNF1-related kinase TaSnRK1α is identified as an Osp24-interacting protein and shows to be important for FHB resistance in TaSnRK1α-overexpressing or silencing transgenic plants. Osp24 accelerates the degradation of TaSnRK1α by facilitating its association with the ubiquitin-26S proteasome. Interestingly, TaSnRK1α also interacts with TaFROG, an orphan wheat protein induced by DON. TaFROG competes against Osp24 for binding with the same region of TaSnRKα and protects it from degradation. Overexpression of TaFROG stabilizes TaSnRK1α and increases FHB resistance. Taken together, Osp24 functions as a cytoplasmic effector by competing against TaFROG for binding with TaSnRK1α, demonstrating the counteracting roles of orphan proteins of both host and fungal pathogens during their interactions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An orphan protein of Fusarium graminearum modulates host immunity by mediating proteasomal degradation of TaSnRK1α

et al. 2020

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“…In Pst, Dagvadorj et al [29] reported that PstSCR1 can activate immunity in non-host plants. Zhao et al [30] found that Pst_8713 was involved in enhancing Pst virulence and suppressing plant immunity. Yang et al [31] identified that Pst18363 displayed an important pathogenicity factor in Pst.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole-genome sequencing of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici mutant isolates identifies avirulence gene candidates

Xia

Wang

et al. 2020

BMC Genomics

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Background: The stripe rust pathogen, Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), threats world wheat production. Resistance to Pst is often overcome by pathogen virulence changes, but the mechanisms of variation are not clearly understood. To determine the role of mutation in Pst virulence changes, in previous studies 30 mutant isolates were developed from a least virulent isolate using ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis and phenotyped for virulence changes. The progenitor isolate was sequenced, assembled and annotated for establishing a high-quality reference genome. In the present study, the 30 mutant isolates were sequenced and compared to the wide-type isolate to determine the genomic variation and identify candidates for avirulence (Avr) genes. Results: The sequence reads of the 30 mutant isolates were mapped to the wild-type reference genome to identify genomic changes. After selecting EMS preferred mutations, 264,630 and 118,913 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites and 89,078 and 72,513 Indels (Insertion/deletion) were detected among the 30 mutant isolates compared to the primary scaffolds and haplotigs of the wild-type isolate, respectively. Deleterious variants including SNPs and Indels occurred in 1866 genes. Genome wide association analysis identified 754 genes associated with avirulence phenotypes. A total of 62 genes were found significantly associated to 16 avirulence genes after selection through six criteria for putative effectors and degree of association, including 48 genes encoding secreted proteins (SPs) and 14 non-SP genes but with high levels of association (P ≤ 0.001) to avirulence phenotypes. Eight of the SP genes were identified as avirulence-associated effectors with high-confidence as they met five or six criteria used to determine effectors. Conclusions: Genome sequence comparison of the mutant isolates with the progenitor isolate unraveled a large number of mutation sites along the genome and identified high-confidence effector genes as candidates for avirulence genes in Pst. Since the avirulence gene candidates were identified from associated SNPs and Indels caused by artificial mutagenesis, these avirulence gene candidates are valuable resources for elucidating the mechanisms of the pathogen pathogenicity, and will be studied to determine their functions in the interactions between the wheat host and the Pst pathogen.

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“…For stripe rust, five candidate effectors were identified in four Pst isolates from the United Kingdom and the United States (21). In addition, PEC6, Pst_8713, PstGSRE1, and PSTha5a23 from Pst were demonstrated to impair plant immunity (22)(23)(24)(25). Nine candidate effectors from Pst and Puccinia graminis f. sp.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Revealing Differentially Expressed Genes and Identifying Effector Proteins of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in Response to High-Temperature Seedling Plant Resistance of Wheat Based on Transcriptome Sequencing

Tao

et al. 2020

mSphere

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Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is one of the most important diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) globally. Recently, more aggressive Pst races have evolved to acquire new virulence profiles and are adapted better to high temperature than most of the previous races. Breeding cultivars with durable high-temperature seedling-plant (HTSP) resistance is an important strategy for controlling stripe rust. Understanding the mechanism of wheat HTSP resistance against Pst is important for more efficient breeding to improve host resistance. In the present study, transcriptomic analysis identified 25 Pst differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were involved in the HTSP resistance in wheat cultivar Xiaoyan6 (XY6). Functional annotation indicated that these DEGs are related to membrane proteins, mRNA binding proteins, cell membrane transporters, and synthesis of cell nitrogen compounds. Among these DEGs, a candidate effector, PstCEP1 (PSTG_13342), was identified and cloned, and its function was verified. Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV)-mediated host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) of PstCEP1 reduced Pst virulence. Signal peptide verification and functional testing in Nicotiana benthamiana indicated that PstCEP1 is a secreted protein and has the function of suppressing programmed cell death (PCD). PstCEP1 as a candidate effector was further supported by type three secretion system (TTSS)-mediated overexpression responding to wheat HTSP resistance via affecting the pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI). IMPORTANCE In the present study, we performed transcriptomic analysis to identify differentially expressed genes and effector proteins of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) in response to the high-temperature seedling-plant (HTSP) resistance in wheat. Experimental validation confirmed the function of the highest upregulated effector protein, PstCEP1. This study provides a key resource for understanding the biology and molecular basis of Pst responses to wheat HTSP resistance, and PstCEP1 may be used in future studies to understand pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity and effector-triggered immunity processes in the Pst-wheat interaction system.

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Candidate Effector Pst_8713 Impairs the Plant Immunity and Contributes to Virulence of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici

Cited by 45 publications

References 74 publications

An orphan protein of Fusarium graminearum modulates host immunity by mediating proteasomal degradation of TaSnRK1α

An orphan protein of Fusarium graminearum modulates host immunity by mediating proteasomal degradation of TaSnRK1α

Whole-genome sequencing of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici mutant isolates identifies avirulence gene candidates

Revealing Differentially Expressed Genes and Identifying Effector Proteins of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in Response to High-Temperature Seedling Plant Resistance of Wheat Based on Transcriptome Sequencing

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