Candidate Stem Cell Isolation and Transplantation in Hexacorallia

Talice, Shani; Barkan, Shany; Snyder, Grace A.; Ottolenghi, Aner; Eliachar, Shir; Ben-Romano, Ronit; Oisher, Shelly; Sharoni, Ton; Lewandowska, Magda; Sultan, Eliya; Goldstein, Oron; Levy, Tom; Aharoni, Reuven; Hadad, Uzi; Davis, Claytus; Moran, Yehu; Gershoni-Yahalom, Orly; Traylor-Knowles, Nikki; Rosental, Benyamin

doi:10.2139/ssrn.4510518

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 42 publications

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“…Notably, cells that were nega�ve to Apotracker green had a significantly higher circularity score compared to Apotracker posi�ve cells, and compared to cells that were posi�ve to both Apotracker and Zombie NIR, the later had the lowest score (Supplementary figure 1C). MMC, an an�tumor drug known to induce apoptosis by crosslinking DNA (Tomasz 1995;Pirnia, et al 2002), was previously used to kill prolifera�ng cells before stem cell transplanta�on in N. vectensis (Talice, et al 2023). Indeed, zygotes treated with 60 µM MMC for 48 hours had a significantly increased cell death compared to their DMSO counterparts (p=0.002472, n=4, two-sided t-test) (Supplementary figure 2C, 2D).…”

Section: Dsrna Induces Apoptosis In N Vectensis Derived Cells Ex-vivomentioning

confidence: 98%

Induction of apoptosis by double-stranded RNA was present in the last common ancestor of cnidarian and bilaterian animals

Kozlovski,

Jaimes-Becerra,

Sharoni

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Apoptosis, a major form of programmed cell death, is an essential component of host defense against invading intracellular pathogens. Viruses encode inhibitors of apoptosis to evade host responses during infection, and to support their own replication and survival. Therefore, hosts and their viruses are entangled in a constant evolutionary arms race to control apoptosis. Until now, apoptosis in the context of the antiviral immune system has been almost exclusively studied in vertebrates. This limited phyletic sampling makes it impossible to determine whether a similar mechanism existed in the last common ancestor of animals. Here, we established assays to probe apoptosis in the sea anemoneNematostella vectensis, a model species of Cnidaria, a phylum that diverged approximately 600 million years ago from the rest of animals. We show that polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), a synthetic long double-stranded RNA mimicking viral RNA and a primary ligand for the vertebrate RLR melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5), is sufficient to induce apoptosis inN. vectensis. Furthermore, at the transcriptomic level, apoptosis related genes are significantly enriched upon poly(I:C) exposure inN. vectensisas well as bilaterian invertebrates. Our phylogenetic analysis of caspase family genes inN. vectensisreveals conservation of all four caspase genes involved in apoptosis in mammals and revealed a cnidarian-specific caspase gene which was strongly upregulated. Altogether, our findings suggest that apoptosis in response to a viral challenge is a functionally conserved mechanism that can be traced back to the last common ancestor of Bilateria and Cnidaria.

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Section: Dsrna Induces Apoptosis In N Vectensis Derived Cells Ex-vivomentioning

confidence: 98%

Induction of apoptosis by double-stranded RNA was present in the last common ancestor of cnidarian and bilaterian animals

Kozlovski,

Jaimes-Becerra,

Sharoni

et al. 2023

Preprint

Self Cite

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A population of Vasa2 and Piwi1 expressing cells generates germ cells and neurons in a sea anemone

Miramón-Puértolas,

Pascual-Carreras,

Steinmetz

2024

Nat Commun

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Germline segregation, essential for protecting germ cells against mutations, occurs during early embryogenesis in vertebrates, insects and nematodes. Highly regenerative animals (e.g., cnidarians), however, retain stem cells with both germinal and somatic potentials throughout adulthood, but their biology and evolution remain poorly understood. Among cnidarians (e.g., sea anemones, jellyfish), stem cells are only known in few hydrozoans (e.g., Hydra). Here, we identify and characterize a rare, multipotent population of stem and/or progenitor cells expressing the conserved germline and multipotency proteins Vasa2 and Piwi1 in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. Using piwi1 and vasa2 transgenic reporter lines, we reveal that the Vasa2+/Piwi1+ cell population generates not only gametes, but also a diversity of proliferative somatic cells, including neural progenitors, in juveniles and adults. Our work has uncovered a multipotent population of Vasa2+/Piwi1+ stem/progenitor cells that forms the cellular basis to understand body plasticity and regenerative capacities in sea anemones and corals.

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Candidate Stem Cell Isolation and Transplantation in Hexacorallia

Cited by 2 publications

References 42 publications

Induction of apoptosis by double-stranded RNA was present in the last common ancestor of cnidarian and bilaterian animals

Induction of apoptosis by double-stranded RNA was present in the last common ancestor of cnidarian and bilaterian animals

A population of Vasa2 and Piwi1 expressing cells generates germ cells and neurons in a sea anemone

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