Candidates for smart cardiovascular medical device coatings: A comparative study with endothelial and smooth muscle cells

The Role of the VEGF Family in Atherosclerosis Development and Its Potential as Treatment Targets

“…Restenosis is the recurrence of stenosis (a narrowing of a blood vessel) leading to restricted blood flow. Currently, the most effective therapeutic option to prevent restenosis is a complete re-endothelialisation followed by inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation [71]. Application of bilayered nanoparticles was shown to sequentially release VEGF plasmids from the outer layer and paclitaxel from the core to promote endothelial regeneration and prevent restenosis.…”

Vascular smooth muscle cells in intimal hyperplasia, an update

“…That said, given that Vitamin C is inexpensive and safe, further studies should be conducted to assess its potential against restenosis. Interestingly, Vitamin C promotes EC proliferation while inhibiting VSMC proliferation ( Kakade and Mani, 2013 ; Ceresnakova et al, 2021 ). This property alone warrants further investigations into the development of stents and balloon releasing Vitamin C, probably in combination with more potent VSMC inhibitors.…”

Drug-loaded balloon with built-in NIR controlled tip-separable microneedles for long-effective arteriosclerosis treatment

“…In DEB group, drug metabolism was more rapid, and drug concentration was 0.30 ± 0.16 μg/g on day 30 with cumulative release nearly 100%. Although it is unknown what minimal PTX concentration in the tissues is required to inhibit intimal hyperplasia, the PTX measured in the tissues of MNDLB were within the concentration range to inhibit VSMCs proliferation [ 44 , 45 ]. Therefore, MNDLB retained a therapeutic level of drug up to 180 days.…”