Canine amoebic meningoencephalitis due to Balamuthia mandrillaris

Chien, Rory C.; Telford, Corbin R.; Roy, Shantanu; Ali, Ibne Karim M.; Shieh, Wun‐Ju; Confer, Anthony W.

doi:10.1016/j.vprsr.2018.06.003

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For these cases, molecular approaches can still be successful given that DNA extracted from formalinfixed, paraffin-embedded tissue scrolls has been used successfully to amplify B. mandrillaris. 2,6 Electron microscopy can be used to highlight the characteristic features of amoebae, but this modality was not reported widely in cases of B. mandrillaris infections in animals. 12 Balamuthia organisms can be present in either a 12-60-µm trophozoite with 1-2 nuclei with internal nucleoli or as a characteristic, triple-layered, pore-lacking cyst stage (Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Histologically, smaller (10-25 µm) trophozoites have been reported in other cases. 2,11 Isolation of B. mandrillaris organisms in artificial media is less common compared to N. fowleri and Acanthamoeba spp., because B. mandrillaris is considered a soil amoeba and does not grow well on agar but will grow in living tissue culture cells including monkey kidney (E6) and human brain microendothelia and human lung fibroblasts. 20 Additionally, B. mandrillaris has a lengthier generational time than Acanthamoeba or N. fowleri.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although a wide variety of animals have been reported to develop severe disease associated with B. mandrillaris infection, 16 we did not find another reported case in a felid after searching “balamuthia” and “tiger” in Google and PubMed. Fatal balamuthosis has been reported in humans worldwide 16 and in at least 5 species of non-human primates in the United States, 8 , 9 , 15 Germany, 14 and Australia, 1 in dogs in the United States 2 , 6 and Australia, 5 , 10 and in sheep, 7 horses, 12 and a flying fox in the United States. 3 Most reports of balamuthosis are individual case reports, and the infections are associated with rare, sporadic mortality, particularly in immunosuppressed hosts.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For these cases, molecular approaches can still be successful given that DNA extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue scrolls has been used successfully to amplify B. mandrillaris . 2 , 6 …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Fatal balamuthosis in a Siberian tiger and a literature review of detection options for free-living amoebic infections in animals

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Free-living amoebae are rare causes of morbidity and mortality in humans and animals around the globe. Because the route of exposure and clinical progression of disease caused by different species of amoebae may vary in people and animals, determining the species of amoeba present is important. We describe here a fatal infection by the free-living amoeba Balamuthia mandrillaris in a Siberian tiger ( Panthera tigris altaica). The 17-y-old patient had a rapid clinical decline after a peracute onset of severe lethargy, dull mentation, and anorexia. Autopsy did not identify a cause of death. Histology revealed inflammation associated with amoebic trophozoites in the brain, lungs, and iris of one eye. These amoebae were confirmed to be B. mandrillaris based on a PCR assay and sequencing. Although there are subtle morphologic differences between cyst stages of Acanthamoeba spp., B. mandrillaris, and Naegleria fowleri when present and identified on routine staining, other modalities, including PCR, immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry, are typically utilized to confirm the pathogen involved in these cases. We review the reports of balamuthosis in animals.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Fatal balamuthosis in a Siberian tiger and a literature review of detection options for free-living amoebic infections in animals

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Pathogenic and Opportunistic Free‐Living Amebae

Cope,

Ali,

Visvesvara

2023

ClinMicroNow

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Free‐living amebae belonging to the genera Naegleria , Acanthamoeba , and Balamuthia can infect humans and other animals and cause potentially severe, life threatening disease. This chapter presents a list of clinical syndromes caused by free‐living amebae infections. Free‐living amebae can be cultivated in axenic conditions or in the presence of a mammalian cell culture for research purposes. The real‐time multiplex PCR assay is a fast, sensitive, and robust assay that detects all three pathogenic free‐living amebae, Acanthamoeba spp., B. mandrillaris , and N. fowleri , simultaneously in a single specimen and has many advantages over conventional PCR. All clinical specimens should first be examined microscopically, and if amebae are visualized, then the clinician should be immediately notified.

show abstract

Systemic Acanthamoeba T17 infection in a free-ranging two-toed sloth: case report and literature review of infections by free-living amebas in mammals

Barrantes Murillo,

Berrocal,

Ali

et al. 2024

J VET Diagn Invest

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A free-ranging, adult female two-toed sloth ( Choloepus hoffmanni) was brought to a wildlife rescue center in Costa Rica with ocular and auricular myiasis and numerous skin lesions. After one month of unsuccessful systemic and topical antimicrobial treatment, the patient died. A postmortem examination was performed, and tissues were examined histologically, confirming disseminated amebic infection with intralesional trophozoites and cysts in the lungs, liver, eye, heart, spleen, and stomach. Immunohistochemistry identified the ameba as Acanthamoeba sp. A multiplex real-time PCR assay, 18S ribosomal DNA PCR, and sequencing performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lung tissue confirmed the Acanthamoeba T17 genotype. The Acanthamoeba genus is in the group of free-living amebas that cause infection in humans and animals, and it is ubiquitous in the environment. Acanthamoeba T17 has been isolated from water and soil, but to our knowledge, this genotype has not been implicated in infections of animals previously and has not been reported from Costa Rica. Systemic Acanthamoeba infection has not been described in sloths previously. We provide a comprehensive literature review describing infections by free-living amebas of the genus Acanthamoeba spp., Balamuthia spp., and Naegleria spp. in domestic, zoo, and wild mammals.

show abstract

Canine amoebic meningoencephalitis due to Balamuthia mandrillaris

Cited by 3 publications

References 18 publications

Fatal balamuthosis in a Siberian tiger and a literature review of detection options for free-living amoebic infections in animals

Fatal balamuthosis in a Siberian tiger and a literature review of detection options for free-living amoebic infections in animals

Pathogenic and Opportunistic Free‐Living Amebae

Systemic Acanthamoeba T17 infection in a free-ranging two-toed sloth: case report and literature review of infections by free-living amebas in mammals

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About