Canine Nervous System Lymphoma Subtypes Display Characteristic Neuroanatomical Patterns

Abstract

Primary and secondary nervous system involvement occurs in 4% and 5%-12%, respectively, of all canine non-Hodgkin lymphomas. The recent new classification of canine malignant lymphomas, based on the human World Health Organization classification, has been endorsed with international acceptance. This histological and immunocytochemical classification provides a unique opportunity to study the histologic anatomic distribution patterns in the central and peripheral nervous system of these defined lymphoma subtypes. In this study, we studied a cohort of 37 dogs with lymphoma, which at necropsy had either primary (n = 1, 2.7%) or secondary (n = 36; 97.3%) neural involvement. These T- (n = 16; 43.2%) or B-cell (n = 21; 56.8%) lymphomas were further classified into 12 lymphoma subtypes, with predominant subtypes including peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) or diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), respectively. This systematic study identified 6 different anatomically based histologically defined patterns of lymphoma infiltration in the nervous system of dogs. Different and distinct combinations of anatomical patterns correlated with specific lymphoma subtypes. Lymphoma infiltration within the meningeal, perivascular, and periventricular compartments were characteristic of DLBCL, whereas peripheral nerve involvement was a frequent feature of PTCL. Similarly cell counts above 64 cells/μL in cerebrospinal samples correlated best with marked meningeal and periventricular lymphoma infiltration histologically. Prospective studies are needed in order to confirm the hypothesis that these combinations of histological neuroanatomic patterns reflect targeting of receptors specific for the lymphoma subtypes at these various sites.

Feline lymphoma in the nervous system: pathological, immunohistochemical, and etiological aspects in 16 cats

“…In addition, B-cell lymphoma has been linked to FIV pro-viral DNA even in the absence of antigen detection, which may justify the high frequency of this type of neoplasm in the present study despite the frequency of 35% FIV-positive cats (Beatty et al 1998). As observed in dogs, most of the lymphomas observed in the CNS of cats analyzed in the present study were B cells, classified predominantly as DLBCLs (Sisó et al 2016).…”

“…DLBCL was the main lymphoma type found in leptomeningeal lymphomatosis and lymphomatous choroiditis. DLBCL also was described in dogs as the main type in leptomeninges and choroid plexus (Sisó et al 2016). However, intradural lymphoma is poorly described in veterinary medicine.…”

Immunohistochemical Characterization of Canine Lymphomas

“…In a study by Sisó et al (2017) were included 37 dogs with primary (1 case) and secondary central nervous system lymphoma. About 57% were B cell lymphomas and 43% were T cell lymphomas.…”

Toxicity of cytarabine constant rate infusion in dogs with high‐grade non‐Hodgkin lymphoma with bone marrow or central nervous system involvement

“…PCR for antigen rearrangement (PARR) was performed on CSF samples to assess for clonality if cytology was equivocal. Dogs were presumptively diagnosed with CNS lymphoma as part of multicentric disease when they presented with multicentric lympho‐proliferative disease and neurological signs deemed likely to be due to lymphoma …”

“…Dogs were presumptively diagnosed with CNS lymphoma as part of multicentric disease when they presented with multicentric lympho-proliferative disease and neurological signs deemed likely to be due to lymphoma. 32 Information regarding signalment, tumour location, disease stage and substage, previous drugs given, adverse events, drug protocol and survival data were obtained from the records and / or by telephone follow-up. Staging work-up for all dogs included physical examination, total blood cell count, biochemistry, thoracic and abdominal imaging (either by computed tomography, radiography or ultrasonography) with or without fine-needle aspirates of abnormal lymph nodes, liver and spleen.…”