Canine parvovirus (CPV‐2) variants circulating in Nigerian dogs

Abstract

Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is a highly contagious viral disease with three variants (CPV-2a, CPV-2b and CPV-2c) currently circulating in dogs worldwide. The main aim of this study was to determine the prevalent CPV-2 variant in faecal samples from 53 dogs presenting with acute gastroenteritis suspected to be and consistent with CPV-2 to Nigerian Veterinary Clinics in 2013–2014. Seventy-five per cent of these dogs tested positive for CPV-2 in a commercial antigen test and/or by PCR. Partial sequencing of the VP2 gene of six of these demonstrated them to be CPV-2a. Most of the dogs (60 per cent) were vaccinated, with 74 per cent of them puppies less than six months old.

Nearly full‐length genome characterization of canine parvovirus strains circulating in Nigeria

“…Differently, since 2014 the analysed circulating CPV strains showed a closer connection with CPV strains of Asian origin. Despite some previously analysed CPV sequences lack of informative VP2 aa residues (5, 267, 324, 370), the comparison with our sequences suggested that both CPV‐2a and CPV‐2c strains collected in Nigeria after 2014 have a different phylogenetic origin with respect to previous analyses (Apaa et al, ; Fagbohun & Omobowale, ), suggesting a most recent introduction and spreading.…”

“…Compared to CPV sequences previously analysed in Nigeria, the VP2 sequences of the analysed CPV‐2a strains showed 99.60%–99.25% (calculated on 1,750 nts), 99.87% (on 787 nts) and 99.34%–98.72% (on 459 and 470 nts) nt identities with strains collected in 2010, 2014 and 2017 (Apaa et al, ; Dogonyaro et al, ; Fagbohun & Omobowale, ), respectively. Compared to the CPV‐2a strains collected in 2010, three non‐synonymous changes (F267Y, Y324I and T440A) were observed (Table ).…”

“…Early studies on detection of CPV in Nigeria were based on serological or PCR assays (Babalola, Ijaopo, & Okonko, ; Chollom et al, ), and only recently, the analysis of the partial VP2 gene sequence was included in the studies (Apaa et al, ; Dogonyaro et al, ; Fagbohun & Omobowale, ). These analyses conducted in Nigeria evidenced firstly the circulation of CPV‐2a strains (Apaa et al, ; Dogonyaro et al, ) and only recently of CPV‐2b/2c types (Fagbohun & Omobowale, ). In the present study, based on the analysis of 59 CPV‐positive samples, 5 CPV‐2a and 54 CPV‐2c strains have been found.…”

“…In the African continent, CPV has been described in South Africa and Namibia (Dogonyaro, Bosman, Sibeko, Venter, & Vuuren, ; Steinel, Venter, Van Vuuren, Parrish, & Truyen, ), Zambia (Kapiya et al, ), Mozambique (Figuiredo et al, ), Ghana (Folitse et al, ), Morocco (Amrani et al, ), Cape Verde (Costanheira et al, ), Nigeria (Chollom et al, ) and Tunisia (Touhiri et al, ). In Nigeria, only recently the molecular analyses based on the partial VP2 gene sequence of CPV strains described the circulating CPV variants (Apaa, Daly, & Tarlinton, ; Dogonyaro et al, ; Fagbohun & Omobowale, ). Unfortunately, all previous studies conducted in Africa lack a comprehensive sequence analysis including all the viral genome, thus preventing a more in‐depth knowledge on the origin and evolution of the circulating CPV strains.…”

An epidemiological investigation of porcine circovirus 3 infection in dogs in the Guangxi Province from 2015 to 2017, China

“…CPV-2 is a common etiological agent that causes severe gastroenteritis in puppies. The virus has a high detection rate in clinical samples, and the most characteristic signs of this illness are diarrhea, emesis, and anorexia (Apaa et al, 2016). Multiple studies have confirmed that CPV-2 coinfects with more than one enteric pathogen, including Canine enteric coronavirus, Canine circovirus (CanineCV), and Canine distemper virus (Costa et al, 2014;Kotsias et al, 2019;Navarro et al, 2017).…”