Cannabidiol monotherapy for treatment-resistant schizophrenia

Zuardi, Antônio Waldo; Hallak, Jaime Eduardo Cecílio; Dursun, Serdar; Morais, S. L.; Sanches, Rafael Faria; Musty, Richard E.; Crippa, José Alexandre de Souza

doi:10.1177/0269881106060967

Cited by 174 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…More recently, CBD was administered to three schizophrenic patients who had not responded to typical antipsychotic drugs. 70 A partial improvement was observed in one patient, but only slight or no improvement in the other two, thus suggesting that CBD has little effect in patients resistant to typical antipsychotics. Confirming the suggestion of case-studies, a preliminary report from a 4-week double-blind controlled clinical trial, using an adequate number of patients and comparing the effects of CBD with amisulpride in acute schizophrenic and schizophreniform psychosis, showed that CBD significantly reduced acute psychotic symptoms after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment when compared to baseline.…”

Section: Antipsychotic Actionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Cannabidiol: from an inactive cannabinoid to a drug with wide spectrum of action

Zuardi

2008

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

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356

302

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Section: Antipsychotic Actionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Cannabidiol: from an inactive cannabinoid to a drug with wide spectrum of action

Zuardi

2008

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

Self Cite

356

302

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“…Symptom worsening was observed when the administration was interrupted. In another case study, CBD was administered to three 22-or 23-year-old male schizophrenic patients who had not responded to typical antipsychotic drugs for 30 days [104]. The dose of CBD was increased from 40 up to 1280 mg d 21 .…”

Section: Cannabidiol and Psychosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple mechanisms involved in the large-spectrum therapeutic potential of cannabidiol in psychiatric disorders

Campos

Moreira

Gomes

et al. 2012

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

380

241

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Cannabidiol (CBD) is a major phytocannabinoid present in the Cannabis sativa plant. It lacks the psychotomimetic and other psychotropic effects that the main plant compound D 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) being able, on the contrary, to antagonize these effects. This property, together with its safety profile, was an initial stimulus for the investigation of CBD pharmacological properties. It is now clear that CBD has therapeutic potential over a wide range of non-psychiatric and psychiatric disorders such as anxiety, depression and psychosis. Although the pharmacological effects of CBD in different biological systems have been extensively investigated by in vitro studies, the mechanisms responsible for its therapeutic potential are still not clear. Here, we review recent in vivo studies indicating that these mechanisms are not unitary but rather depend on the behavioural response being measured. Acute anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects seem to rely mainly on facilitation of 5-HT1A-mediated neurotransmission in key brain areas related to defensive responses, including the dorsal periaqueductal grey, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and medial prefrontal cortex. Other effects, such as anti-compulsive, increased extinction and impaired reconsolidation of aversive memories, and facilitation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis could depend on potentiation of anandamidemediated neurotransmission. Finally, activation of TRPV1 channels may help us to explain the antipsychotic effect and the bell-shaped dose-response curves commonly observed with CBD. Considering its safety profile and wide range of therapeutic potential, however, further studies are needed to investigate the involvement of other possible mechanisms (e.g. inhibition of adenosine uptake, inverse agonism at CB2 receptor, CB1 receptor antagonism, GPR55 antagonism, PPARg receptors agonism, intracellular (Ca 2þ ) increase, etc.), on CBD behavioural effects.

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“…CBD also possesses antipsychotic properties [2,[57][58][59][60][61]. Not surprisingly, and as witnessed in the aforementioned preclinical data, CBD has been shown to reduce anxiety in patients with social phobia and generalized social anxiety disorders [62][63][64].…”

Section: Cbd and Neurobiological Targets/effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Phase in the Development of Cannabidiol as a Treatment for Addiction: Opioid Relapse Takes Initial Center Stage

et al. 2015

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Multiple cannabinoids derived from the marijuana plant have potential therapeutic benefits but most have not been well investigated, despite the widespread legalization of medical marijuana in the USA and other countries. Therapeutic indications will depend on determinations as to which of the multiple cannabinoids, and other biologically active chemicals that are present in the marijuana plant, can be developed to treat specific symptoms and/or diseases. Such insights are particularly critical for addiction disorders, where different phytocannabinoids appear to induce opposing actions that can confound the development of treatment interventions. Whereas Δ 9 -tetracannabinol has been well documented to be rewarding and to enhance sensitivity to other drugs, cannabidiol (CBD), in contrast, appears to have low reinforcing properties with limited abuse potential and to inhibit drug-seeking behavior. Other considerations such as CBD's anxiolytic properties and minimal adverse side effects also support its potential viability as a treatment option for a variety of symptoms associated with drug addiction. However, significant research is still needed as CBD investigations published to date primarily relate to its effects on opioid drugs, and CBD's efficacy at different phases of the abuse cycle for different classes of addictive substances remain largely understudied. Our paper provides an overview of preclinical animal and human clinical investigations, and presents preliminary clinical data that collectively sets a strong foundation in support of the further exploration of CBD as a therapeutic intervention against opioid relapse. As the legal landscape for medical marijuana unfolds, it is important to distinguish it from Bmedical CBD^and other specific cannabinoids, that can more appropriately be used to maximize the medicinal potential of the marijuana plant.

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Cannabidiol monotherapy for treatment-resistant schizophrenia

Cited by 174 publications

References 21 publications

Cannabidiol: from an inactive cannabinoid to a drug with wide spectrum of action

Cannabidiol: from an inactive cannabinoid to a drug with wide spectrum of action

Multiple mechanisms involved in the large-spectrum therapeutic potential of cannabidiol in psychiatric disorders

Early Phase in the Development of Cannabidiol as a Treatment for Addiction: Opioid Relapse Takes Initial Center Stage

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