Cannabis use and age at onset of symptoms in subjects at clinical high risk for psychosis

Dragt, Sara; Nieman, Dorien H.; Schultze‐Lutter, Frauke; Meer, F. van der; Becker, Hiske E.; Haan, Lieuwe de; Dingemans, Peter; Birchwood, Max; Patterson, Paul; Salokangas, Raimo K. R.; Heinimaa, Markus; Heinz, Andreas; Juckel, Georg; Reventlow, H. Graf von; French, Paul; Stevens, Helen; Ruhrmann, Stephan; Klosterkötter, Joachim; Linszen, Don

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2011.01763.x

Cited by 85 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Posiblemente la forma de recogida de esta variable no era adecuada, dado que se realizó a través de la entrevista con el paciente, lo que puede estar sometido a un sesgo de memoria. Existe bastante literatura apoyando que una edad de inicio más precoz en el consumo de ciertas drogas favorece la aparición de ciertos trastornos mentales, por ejemplo entre el consumo de cannabis y la psicosis (Dragt et al, 2012). De cualquier forma esto podría ser válido para los trastornos mentales secundarios al consumo.…”

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Estudio Madrid sobre prevalencia y características de los pacientes con patología dual en tratamiento en las redes de salud mental y de atención al drogodependiente

et al. 2013

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Resumen AbstractThe objective was to quantify the prevalence of dual diagnosis and to evaluate the characteristics of these patients from community mental health and substance misuse services in Madrid. The sample consisted of 837 outpatients from Madrid, 208 from mental health services and 629 from substance misuse services. We used the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) and Personality Disorder Questionnaire (PDQ4+) to evaluate disorders from axis I and II. It was considered that 517 (61.8%) patients had dual pathology (current diagnoses of axis I or II disorders and an addictive disorder): 36,1% in mental health services and 70,3% in substance misuse services. There were fewer males amongst the dual patients and it was also found that they had a worse employment situation, along with higher figures of alcohol and cannabis dependence than addicts without dual diagnoses (n=194). When comparing them with patients with mental disorder diagnoses only, excluding substance use disorder (n=126), there were differences in all socio-demographic characteristics analyzed, and dual patients were associated with diagnoses of bipolar disorder, agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and had more suicide risk and different personality disorders. Thus, dual pathology is higher in patients who are in treatment and have differential characteristics (higher suicide risk, worse employment situation) that suggest greater severity that could be of help in the planning of care resource policies for these patients.Key Words: Drug dependence, dual diagnosis, personality disorders, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders.Se valora la prevalencia y características de los pacientes de patología dual (diagnóstico actual de un trastorno mental y de un trastorno por uso de sustancias (TUS)): en las redes asistenciales de Salud Mental y Drogodependencias de la Comunidad de Madrid. Se consigue una muestra de 837 sujetos (208 de la red de Salud Mental y 629 de la red de Drogodependencias). Se usó la entrevista MINI (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview) y el cuestionario PDQ4+ (Personality Disorder Questionnaire) para la valoración de los trastornos del eje I y II. Se hallaron 517 (61,8%) pacientes con patología dual (un 36,1% en la red de salud mental y un 70,3% en la red de drogas). Al compararlos con el grupo de sujetos con TUS sin patología dual (n=194), había entre los duales menos varones y peor situación laboral, siendo las drogas más consumidas el alcohol y cannabis. Al compararlos con el grupo de trastornos mentales sin uso de sustancias (n=126), encontramos diferencias en todas las características sociodemográficas analizadas y los casos de patología dual son diagnosticados más frecuentemente como trastorno bipolar, agorafobia, trastorno por ansiedad generalizada, trastorno por estrés postraumático, mayor riesgo de suicidio y distintos trastornos de personalidad. Por lo tanto, la presencia de patología dual es elevada en sujetos en tratamiento y presentan unas características ...

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Estudio Madrid sobre prevalencia y características de los pacientes con patología dual en tratamiento en las redes de salud mental y de atención al drogodependiente

et al. 2013

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“…While some users have relatively benign experiences with marijuana, others develop physical dependence and addiction [5,10].…”

Section: Substances In This Class Have No Accepted Medical Use In Thementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of marijuana as the "natural" form of cannabis goes back to ancient years but is an increasing problem, particularly in the adolescent population [1,2] since this is the age group when the initial introduction to marijuana most likely occurs [3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marijuana’s Role in The Adolescent Population

Oberbarnscheidt¹,

Miller²

2017

J Addict Res Ther

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Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit substance in the United States and worldwide. The smoking of marijuana is an increasingly observed phenomenon in the adolescent population and even more common nowadays than cigarette smoking. A special focus should therefore aim to the effects of marijuana in that particular age group.Adolescents are particularly vulnerable to the effects of marijuana because their brain and neuro-circuits are still developing. The exposure of marijuana to the still pruning brain causes not only short-term cognitive impairment but also permanent, life-long reduction in their cognitive abilities. This is due to marijuana's effect on processing speed and a reduction in gray matter in several brain regions as well as a decrease in white matter.Marijuana is viewed as a "gateway" drug and more so than adults, the adolescents are at higher risk to develop a subsequent drug addiction after the exposure to marijuana. A positive correlation between the age of first exposure to marijuana and the development for an addiction to other drugs has been shown. There is also a strong association between the onset of other psychiatric disorders, for example bipolar disorder, psychosis, depression and anxiety and even suicidal ideations in context with the use of marijuana.This article is based on a review of the current scientific literature with the aim to focus on the indications, outcomes, toxic effects and pathological evidence from the use of marijuana in the adolescents.

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“…The literature suggests that DD patients, compared to those with SMI but no comorbidity with SUD, are usually younger, males, with a lower level of education, often unemployed, still living with parents rather than with a family of their own, and with an overall lower social functioning [45][46][47]. DD is related to worst compliance to treatments, higher relapse rates and health services usage, more functional disability, and cognitive as well as psychological, physical, and social impairment [37,43,47,48].…”

Section: Epidemiology and Clinical Features Of Dd Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual Diagnosis Patients First Admitted to a Psychiatric Ward for Acute Psychiatric Patients: 2-Year Period 2003–2004 versus 2013–2014

Gramaglia¹,

Lombardi²,

Rossi³

et al. 2016

Recent Advances in Drug Addiction Research and Clinical Applications

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Dual diagnosis (DD) is the coexistence of severe mental illness (SMI) and substance use disorder (SUD). The increase of DD observed in recent years has important implications for mental health services organization. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence and features of DD over a decade, comparing the periods 2003-2004 and 2013-2014. We performed a retrospective study retrieving sociodemographic and clinical data from the medical records of patients at their first admission to the Psychiatric Ward of University Hospital "Maggiore della Carità" in Novara, Italy. Patients with SMI and comorbid SUD (SMI-SUD) and patients with SMI without comorbidity (SMI) were compared in the two periods, 2003-2004 versus 2013-2014. SMI-SUD patients in both 2-year periods were more likely to be male, younger, unemployed, living with parents (or alone, for the 2013-2014 period) rather than with a family of their own, and single (or divorced, in 2003-2004). The 2003-2004 patients were more frequently diagnosed with a personality disorder, whereas the 2013-2014 patients had mixed diagnoses. We have found differences in the possible predictors of substance abuse in the two periods as well: in both periods, male gender was associated with an increased risk of DD, whereas age >61 years was associated with decreased risk. Only in the first period (2003)(2004) was having a university degree associated with a decreased risk of DD, whereas the diagnosis of a personality disorder was associated with an increased risk of DD; on the contrary, in the second period (2013)(2014), living in a protective environment was associated with a decreased risk of DD. The identification of changes in the prevalence of first admission DD patients and their clinical and sociodemographic features may help to highlight an evolving pattern of substance use and to identify possible risk factors that may be the target of prevention and treatment approaches.

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Cannabis use and age at onset of symptoms in subjects at clinical high risk for psychosis

Cited by 85 publications

References 45 publications

Estudio Madrid sobre prevalencia y características de los pacientes con patología dual en tratamiento en las redes de salud mental y de atención al drogodependiente

Estudio Madrid sobre prevalencia y características de los pacientes con patología dual en tratamiento en las redes de salud mental y de atención al drogodependiente

Marijuana’s Role in The Adolescent Population

Dual Diagnosis Patients First Admitted to a Psychiatric Ward for Acute Psychiatric Patients: 2-Year Period 2003–2004 versus 2013–2014

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